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Cognitive Performance in Suicidal Depressed Elderly: Preliminary Report
Open accessAbstract
Objective Deficits in executive functions may play an important role in late-life suicide; however the association is understudied. This study examined cognitive function in general and executive functioning specifically in depressed elderly with and without suicidal ideation and attempts.Design Case-control study.Setting University-affiliated psychiatric hospital.Participants We compared 32 suicidal depressed participants aged 60 and older with 32 non-suicidal depressed participants equated for age, education, and gender.Measurements We assessed global cognitive function and executive function with the Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) and the Executive Interview (EXIT25), respectively.Results Suicidal and non-suicidal depressed groups were comparable in terms of severity of depression and burden of physical illness. Suicidal participants performed worse on the EXIT25, and on the DRS total scale, as well as on Memory and Attention subscales. The differences were not explained by the presence of dementia, substance use, medication exposure, or brain injury from suicide attempts.Conclusions Poor performance on tests of executive function, attention, and memory is associated with suicidal behavior in late-life depression.
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“Dombrovski and colleagues, for example, have reported that elderly suicidal depressives performed worse on measures of frontal executive function as well as memory and attention tests than did non-suicidal elderly depressives (32).”
From Suicide in older adults (2011) · cites this paper as [32]
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“Loneliness, rupture of relationships with family members and other sources of support, and losses through bereavement are among the recognized social factors for suicide risk in later life, while psychiatric disorders,(6,8) mainly depression, were found as risk factors for suicide among the elderly, particularly in th…”
BackgroundLutzman, M., & Sommerfeld, E. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02332-z · Cited by 22
Erlangsen, A., Banks, E., Joshy, G., Calear, A. L., Welsh, J., Batterham, P. J., Conwell, Y., & Salvador‐Carulla, L. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5463 · Cited by 16
Rymo, I., Fässberg, M. M., Kern, S., Zetterberg, H., Skoog, I. G., Wærn, M., & Sacuiu, S. F. (2023) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13549 · Cited by 15
“Impaired short-term and working memory have also previously been found in clinical samples of older depressed suicide attempters.(4,16,44,45) No association was seen between impaired language assessed as speech comprehension, speech production and dysnomia (difficulties finding words) in the current study.”
BackgroundResultVance, D. E., Struzick, T., & Childs, G. D. (2010) · Journal of Gerontological Social Work · doi:10.1080/01634370903415692 · Cited by 15
“In a qualitative study of 25 older adults with HIV/AIDS, Emlet (2006) found that 68% reported experiences of ageism and HIV/AIDS-related stigma.”
BackgroundRecruiting older men for geriatric suicide research
Bhar, S. S., Stirman, S. W., Zembroski, D., McCray, L. W., Oslin, D. W., Brown, G. K., & Beck, A. T. (2012) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161021200138x · Cited by 14
Learning from gain and loss: Links to suicide risk
Dixon–Gordon, K. L., Waite, E. E., Ammerman, B. A., Haliczer, L. A., Boudreaux, E. D., Rathlev, N. K., & Cohen, A. L. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.016 · Cited by 13
A common TPH2 haplotype regulates the neural processing of a cognitive control demand
Kennedy, A., Binder, E. B., Bowman, D., Harenski, K. A., Ely, T. D., Cisler, J. M., Tripathi, S. P., VanNess, S., & Kilts, C. D. (2012) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32090 · Cited by 13
“…cognitive functions are proposed to represent vulnerability factors for psychiatric disorders [Becker et al., 1999; Aron and Poldrack, 2005; Jollant et al., 2005, 2007; Marzuk et al., 2005; Rubinsztein et al., 2006; Taylor Tavares et al., 2007; Dombrovski et al., 2008; Westheide et al., 2008].”
BackgroundNeurocognitive markers of passive suicidal ideation in late-life depression
Jordan, J. T., Chick, C. F., Rolle, C. E., Hantke, N. C., Gould, C. E., Lutz, J., Kawai, M., Cotto, I., Karna, R., Pirog, S., et al. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610220003610 · Cited by 13
“…Executive Interview) in older adults with depression, those with a suicide attempt or suicide ideation with a plan showed greater executive dysfunction than those deemed “non-suicidal” (no-PSI or active suicidal ideation) or nonpsychiatric controls (Dombrovski et al., 2008; Gujral et al., 2013).”
BackgroundLin, C., Huang, C., Karim, H. T., Liu, H., Lee, T. M.-C., Wu, C. W., Toh, C., Tsai, Y., Yen, T., & Lee, S. (2020) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.12.016 · Cited by 12
Alonzo, D. M., Conway, A., & Modrek, A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.036 · Cited by 12
“Difficulty concentrating, a core symptom of depression (44), has also been identified in depressed patients with SI (Dombrovski et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLe suicide de la personne âgée : existe-t-il des spécificités liées à l’âge ?
Richard‐Devantoy, S., & Jollant, F. (2013) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1014949ar · Cited by 10
“Chez la personne âgée, le déficit exécutif des suicidants persistait indépendamment de la sévérité de la dépression, de l’effet de substances psychoactives ou de l’exposition à des psychotropes (Dombrovski et al., 2008a).”
BackgroundTreatment resistant depression in elderly
Wang, S.-C., Yokoyama, J. S., Tzeng, N., Tsai, C.-F., & Liu, M. (2023) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.02.004 · Cited by 10
Older adults make sense of their suicidal behavior: a Swedish interview study
Hed, S., Berg, A. I., Wiktorsson, S., Strand, J., Canetto, S. S., & Wærn, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1450683 · Cited by 10
“Cognitive de fi cits have been observed in older adults who engaged in a suicidal act as compared to depressed controls who did not (30, 31).”
Backgroundvan Heeringen, K., Godfrin, K. A., & Bijttebier, S. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119998556.ch9 · Cited by 10
Die Bedeutung kognitiver Beeinträchtigungen bei depressiven Patienten
Beblo, T. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie · doi:10.1024/1016-264x/a000174 · Cited by 8
Evidence-Based Practice Guideline: Secondary Prevention of Late-Life Suicide
Butcher, H. K., & Ingram, T. N. (2018) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20180907-01 · Cited by 7
Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Late-Life Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Barry, L. C., & Byers, A. L. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-411469-2.00021-2 · Cited by 7
Impaired Executive Function in Contemplated and Attempted Suicide in Late Life
Gujral, S., Dombrovski, A. Y., Butters, M. A., Clark, L., Reynolds, C. F., & Szántó, K. (2012) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318265752f · Cited by 7
Self-citationConwell, Y., Orden, K. A. V., & Caine, E. D. (2012) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2012.09.003 · Cited by 7
Richard‐Devantoy, S., Inja, A., Dicker, M., Bertrand, J., Turecki, G., Orri, M., & Keilp, J. G. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.009 · Cited by 7
Pan, Y., Wang, G., Zhu, H., Xiao, J., Li, J., Yin, L., & Chen, Y. (2021) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114067 · Cited by 5
Cognitive Inhibition in Elderly High-lethality Suicide Attempters
Richard‐Devantoy, S., Szántó, K., Butters, M. A., Kalkus, J., & Dombrovski, A. Y. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(15)32107-6 · Cited by 6
Self-citationKhurana, H., & Raj, A. (2018) · Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-3480-8.ch023 · Cited by 4
Ginelli, E., Sanna, L., Paribello, P., Isayeva, U., Corona, G., Zai, C. C. H., Manca, D., Iaselli, M. N., Collu, R., Pinna, F., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1584673 · Cited by 4
“Previous research has also identi fi ed a link between lifetime suicide attempts (LSA) and both cognitive de fi cits and altered BDNF levels, with suicide attempters often exhibiting worse cognitive performance and lower BDNF concentrations than non-attempters (21, 22).”
Neurocognitive Processes and Decision Making in Suicidal Behaviour
Richard‐Devantoy, S., & Courtet, P. (2015) · Advances in biological psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000434739 · Cited by 4
Cognitive Biomarkers in Depression
Robinson, O. J., & Sahakian, B. J. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199796816.003.0035 · Cited by 4
Suicidal older people in clinical and community settings
Leo, D. D., Draper, B., & Krysinska, K. E. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198834441.003.0071 · Cited by 4
The Broad Importance of Cognitive Impairments in Aging-Related Disorders
Harvey, P. D. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318160f7f1 · Cited by 4
Risk factors for suicide in the elderly: What do we know? What do we need to find out?
Wærn, M. (2015) · Suicidologi/Nytt i suicidologi · doi:10.5617/suicidologi.2133 · Cited by 4
Grover, S., Sahoo, S., Avasthi, A., Lakdawala, B. M., Dan, A., Nebhinani, N., Dutt, A., Tiwari, S., Gania, A., Subramanyam, A. A., et al. (2019) · Journal of Geriatric Mental Health · doi:10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_35_19 · Cited by 3
“Previous studies have also found that elderly patients with SIs and SAs had poor performance on tests of executive functions, attention, memory, and cognitive flexibility,[23,24] with more stronger association with SAs.”
BackgroundResultConduites suicidaires de la personne âgée : état des connaissances
Richard‐Devantoy, S., & Jollant, F. (2024) · NPG. Neurologie, psychiatrie, gériatrie/NPG · doi:10.1016/j.npg.2024.04.002 · Cited by 3
Odor identification dysfunction in late-life depression with suicidal ideation
Xu, D., Chen, B., Yang, M., Lin, G., Zhang, M., Wu, Z., Zhou, H., Shi, X., Peng, Q., Zeng, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.227 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Dombrovski, A. Y., Butters, M. A., Reynolds, C. F., Houck, P. R., Clark, L., Mazumdar, S., & Szanto, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 109-115
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2671399
- OpenAlex
- W2093355619
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH072947, R01 MH37869, P30MH052247, R37 MH43832, R25MH60473, R37MH043832, P30MH071944, R25MH060473, P30-MH52247, K24MH069430, R01MH037869, K23MH070471)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- geriatric depression, suicide, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, executive function, cognitive function, memory, attention, older adults, dementia, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Aged, Cognition Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Frontal Lobe, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Comorbidity, Case-Control Studies, Cost of Illness, Substance-Related Disorders, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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