Practice effects predict cognitive outcome in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Open accessAbstract
Objective Practice effects on cognitive tests have been shown to further characterize patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and may provide predictive information about cognitive change across time. We tested the hypothesis that a loss of practice effects would portend a worse prognosis in aMCI.Design Longitudinal, observational design following participants across 1 year.Setting Community-based cohort.Participants Three groups of older adults: 1) cognitively intact (n = 57), 2) aMCI with large practice effects across 1 week (MCI + PE, n = 25), and 3) aMCI with minimal practice effects across 1 week (MCI - PE, n = 26).Measurements Neuropsychological tests.Results After controlling for age and baseline cognitive differences, the MCI - PE group performed significantly worse than the other groups after 1 year on measures of immediate memory, delayed memory, language, and overall cognition.Conclusions Although these results need to be replicated in larger samples, the loss of short-term practice effects portends a worse prognosis in patients with aMCI.
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Self-citationHammers, D. B., Suhrie, K. R., Porter, S. M., Dixon, A. M., & Duff, K. M. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1807058 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Self-citationAvoid or Embrace? Practice Effects in Alzheimer’s Disease Prevention Trials
Aschenbrenner, A. J., Hassenstab, J. J., Wang, G., Li, Y., Xiong, C., McDade, E., Clifford, D. B., Salloway, S., Farlow, M. R., Yaari, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.883131 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Practice effects in mild cognitive impairment: A validation of Calamia et al. (2012)
Duff, K. M., & Hammers, D. B. (2020) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2020.1781933 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Neurodegenerative disease and cognitive retest learning
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The Assessment of Change: Serial Assessments in Dementia Evaluations
Chelune, G. J., & Duff, K. M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3106-0_4 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationHammers, D. B., Suhrie, K. R., Dixon, A., Porter, S., & Duff, K. (2021) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acz076 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSiddiquee, A. T., Hwang, Y. H., Kim, S., Shin, S. J., Lee, J. S., Kang, J. C., Lee, M., Kim, H. J., Lee, S. K., & Shin, C. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101284 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Predicting Alzheimer's disease with practice effects, APOE genotype and brain metabolism
Oltra‐Cucarella, J., Sánchez‐SanSegundo, M., & Ferrer‐Cascales, R. (2022) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.011 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Using a Cognitive Plasticity Measure to Detect Mild Cognitive Impairment
Sales, A., Meléndez, J. C., & Mayordomo, T. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/act064 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Predictors of cognitive decline in a multi-racial sample of midlife women: A longitudinal study.
Dixon, J. S., Coyne, A. E., Duff, K. M., & Ready, R. E. (2021) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000743 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationMediation Analysis of the Effect of Visuospatial Memory on Motor Skill Learning in Older Adults
Hooyman, A., VanGilder, J. L., & Schaefer, S. Y. (2022) · Journal of Motor Behavior · doi:10.1080/00222895.2022.2105793 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Smithies, T. D., Toth, A. J., & Campbell, M. J. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1080/20445911.2024.2357363 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Behavioral studies of stimulus learning in zebrafish larvae
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The Assessment of Change: Serial Assessments in Dementia Evaluations
Chelune, G. J., & Duff, K. M. (2019) · Clinical handbooks in neuropsychology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-93497-6_5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive and Emotional Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment
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One-year practice effects predict long-term cognitive outcomes in Parkinson's disease
Pérez, S. A., Koppelmans, V., Duff, K. M., & Ruitenberg, M. F. L. (2025) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1177/1877718x251339585 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationValidating 1-Year Reliable Change Methods
Hammers, D. B., Porter, S. M., Dixon, A. M., Suhrie, K. R., & Duff, K. M. (2020) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acaa055 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of one-week reliable change methods in cognitively intact community-dwelling older adults
Hammers, D. B., Suhrie, K. R., Dixon, A. M., Porter, S. M., & Duff, K. M. (2020) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2020.1787942 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationSelf and Informant Memory Reports in FINGER: Associations with Two-Year Cognitive Change
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Four year practice effects on the RBANS in a longitudinal study of older adults
Reed, C., Calamia, M. R., Sanderson‐Cimino, M. E., Vito, A. N. D., Toups, R., & Keller, J. N. (2023) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2023.2180361 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Validation of regression‐based change formulae for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Duff, K. M., & Sevigny-Resetco, D. J. (2024) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.70008 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationVafa, S., Thanaraju, A., Chan, J. K., Harris, H. A., Chan, X. W., Todi, K., Arokiaraj, A. S., Chia, Y. C., Jenkins, M. A., & Marzuki, A. A. (2025) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12651 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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Tröger, J., Lindsay, H., Mina, M. M., Linz, N., Klöppel, S., Kray, J., & Peter, J. (2021) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617721000849 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Short-term practice effects on measures of cognition and daily functioning in older adults
Duff, K. M., Reeves, E., Veres, M., Gobeo, A., Yamaguchi, T., Giovannetti, T., & Schmitter‐Edgecombe, M. (2025) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2025.2550356 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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The Trails Making Test. Does a Single Trial Reflect Performance Capability?
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Forgetting Rates of Prose Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Cognitive composites in AD trials? Drinking the Kool‐Aid and paying the price?
Duff, K. M. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationModels of depressive pseudoamnestic disorder
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Prior test experience confounds longitudinal tracking of adolescent cognitive and motor development
Sullivan, E., Thompson, W., Brumback, T., Prouty, D., Tapert, S., Brown, S. A., Bellis, M. D., Nooner, K., Baker, F., Colrain, I., et al. (2022) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-022-01606-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Duff, K., Lyketsos, C. G., Beglinger, L. J., Chelune, G., Moser, D. J., Arndt, S., Schultz, S. K., Paulsen, J. S., Petersen, R. C., & McCaffrey, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- University at Albany, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Duff, Kevin
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 932-939
- ISSN
- 1064-7481 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3202689
- OpenAlex
- W2084040181
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG028417, P50AG005)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA122934)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- amnestic mild cognitive impairment, practice effects, cognitive decline, prognosis, older adults, memory, language, cognitive outcome prediction
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amnesia, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice, Psychological, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Psychomotor Performance, Cognitive Dysfunction
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