Pronounced energy restriction with elevated protein intake results in no change in proteolysis and reductions in skeletal muscle protein synthesis that are mitigated by resistance exercise

Hector, Amy J.; McGlory, Chris; Damas, Felipe; Mazara, Nicole; Baker, Steven K.; Phillips, Stuart M.

doi:10.1096/fj.201700158rr

Cited by 91Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersNutrition and Health in Aging

Pronounced energy restriction with elevated protein intake results in no change in proteolysis and reductions in skeletal muscle protein synthesis that are mitigated by resistance exercise

Hector, Amy J., McGlory, Chris, Damas, Felipe, Mazara, Nicole, Baker, Steven K., Phillips, Stuart M.·2018·The FASEB Journal

DOI 10.1096/fj.201700158rr

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Abstract

Preservation of lean body mass (LBM) may be important during dietary energy restriction (ER) and requires equal rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). Currently, the relative contribution of MPS and MPB to the loss of LBM during ER in humans is unknown. We aimed to determine the impact of dietary protein intake and resistance exercise on MPS and MPB during a controlled short‐term energy deficit. Adult men (body mass index, 28.6 ± 0.6 kg/m 2 ; age 22 ± 1 yr) underwent 10 d of 40%‐reduced energy intake while performing unilateral resistance exercise and consuming lower protein (1.2 g/kg/d, n = 12) or higher protein (2.4 g/kg/d, n = 12). Pre‐ and postintervention testing included dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, primed constant infusion of ring ‐[ 13 C 6 ]phenylalanine, and 15 [N]phenylalanine to measure acute postabsorptive MPS and MPB; D 2 O to measure integrated MPS; and gene and protein expression. There was a decrease in acute MPS after ER (higher protein, 0.059 ± 0.006 to 0.051 ± 0.009%/h; lower protein, 0.061 ± 0.005 to 0.045 ± 0.006%/h; P < 0.05) that was attenuated with resistance exercise (higher protein, 0.067 ± 0.01%/h; lower protein, 0.061 ± 0.006%/h), and integrated MPS followed a similar pattern. There was no change in MPB (energy balance, 0.080 ± 0.01%/hr; ER rested legs, 0.078 ± 0.008%/hr; ER exercised legs, 0.079 ± 0.006%/hr). We conclude that a reduction in MPS is the main mechanism that underpins LBM loss early in ER in adult men.—Hector, A. J., McGlory, C., Damas, F., Mazara, N., Baker, S. K., Phillips, S. M. Pronounced energy restriction with elevated protein intake results in no change in proteolysis and reductions in skeletal muscle protein synthesis that are mitigated by resistance exercise. FASEB J. 32, 265‐275 (2018). www.fasebj.org

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Mechanistic research has demonstrated the ability of resistance training to prevent the typical reductions in both daily myofibrillar protein synthesis and postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis typically observed with energy restriction.
“Mechanistic research has demonstrated the ability of resistance training to prevent the typical reductions in both daily myofibrillar protein synthesis and postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis typically observed with energy restriction [47].”
From Fundamental Body Composition Principles Provide Context for Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Loss With GLP-1 RA Treatments (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
A reduction in energy intake caused a decline of approximately 16% in integrated myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis.
“Consistent with previous reports (36,37), we show that a reduction in energy intake induced a decline of ∼16% in integrated myofibrillar MPS”
From A randomized controlled trial of the impact of protein supplementation on leg lean mass and integrated muscle protein synthesis during inactivity and energy restriction in older persons (2018) · cites this paper as [37]

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STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE SKELETAL MUSCLE PROTEIN TURNOVER DURING DIETARY ENERGY RESTRICTION
Hector, A. J. (2017) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/9338
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Reduced resting skeletal muscle protein synthesis is rescued by resistance exercise and protein ingestion following short-term energy deficit
Areta, J. L., Burke, L. M., Camera, D. M., West, D. W. D., Crawshay, S., Moore, D. R., Stellingwerff, T., Phillips, S. M., Hawley, J. A., & Coffey, V. G. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2013 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Hector, A. J., McGlory, C., Damas, F., Mazara, N., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
Corresponding author: Phillips, Stuart M.
ORCID: McGlory, Chris
Damas, Felipe
Mazara, Nicole
Baker, Steven K.
Phillips, Stuart M.
Venue: The FASEB Journal
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-09-12
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Pages: 265-275
ISSN: 0892-6638 (ISSN-L)
1530-6860
DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700158rr
OpenAlex: W2756325874
Semantic Scholar: 784b0f4389edef18e068d603742c6e3218463df2
Cited by: 91
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11
FWCI: 5.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: The FASEB Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canada Research Chairs
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords: caloric restriction, protein intake, muscle protein synthesis, muscle protein degradation, resistance training, lean mass loss, skeletal muscle, protein degradation, negative energy balance, phenylalanine tracer, muscle gene expression, weight loss, sarcopenia prevention, muscle hypertrophy, muscle atrophy, muscle fiber number
MeSH terms: Diet, High-Protein, Adolescent, Adult, Diet, Reducing, Humans, Male, Muscle Proteins, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Muscle, Skeletal, Caloric Restriction, Resistance Training, Young Adult, Proteolysis

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Pronounced energy restriction with elevated protein intake results in no change in proteolysis and reductions in skeletal muscle protein synthesis that are mitigated by resistance exercise

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