Paranoid Delusions in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Depression: The Transdiagnostic Role of Expectations of Negative Events and Negative Self-esteem
Abstract
We aimed to identify transdiagnostic psychological processes associated with persecutory delusions. Sixty-eight schizophrenia patients, 47 depressed patients, and 33 controls were assessed for paranoia, positive and negative self-esteem, estimations of the frequency of negative, neutral, and positive events occurring to the self in the past and in the future and similar estimates for events affecting others in the future. Negative self-esteem and expectations of negative events were strongly associated with paranoia in all groups. Currently deluded patients were asked to rate whether their persecution was deserved on an analogue scale. Mean deservedness scores were higher in deluded-depressed patients than deluded-schizophrenia patients, but patients in both groups used the full range of scores. The findings indicate that negative self-esteem and negative expectations independently contribute to paranoia, but do not support a simple categorical distinction between poor-me (persecution undeserved) and bad-me (persecution deserved) patients.
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Suspiciousness and paranoia symptoms may stem from the avoidance of personal exposure and negative self-image, distorting reality so as to strengthen impaired self-esteem.
“These symptoms may stem from the avoidance of personal exposure and negative self-image, distorting reality in the process so as to strengthen impaired self-esteem (Bentall et al., 2008, Oxman et al., 1982).”
From Schizotypy and mindfulness: Magical thinking without suspiciousness characterizes mindfulness meditators (2016) · cites this paper as Bentall et al., 2008
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“These symptoms may stem from the avoidance of personal exposure and negative self-image, distorting reality in the process so as to strengthen impaired self-esteem (Bentall et al., 2008; Oxman et al., 1982).”
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- Authors
- Bentall, R. P., Rouse, G., Kinderman, P., Blackwood, N., Howard, R., Moore, R., Cummins, S., & Corcoran, R.
- Affiliations
- Bangor University (GB)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- University of London (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bentall, Richard P.
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 375-383
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1996530165
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (GR 064134 MA)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Keywords
- persecutory delusions, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depression, negative self-esteem, negative expectations, transdiagnostic mechanisms, self-esteem
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Culture, Delusions, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Guilt, Humans, Internal-External Control, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Paranoid Disorders, Personality Inventory, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenia, Paranoid, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self Concept
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