Metacognitive training for young subjects ( MCT young version) in the early stages of psychosis: Is the duration of untreated psychosis a limiting factor?
Abstract
Objectives: The treatment program ‘Metacognitive training for patients with schizophrenia’ ( MCT ) addresses cognitive biases assumed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of delusions (e.g., jumping to conclusions, theory of mind deficits). The aim of our study was to examine the effectiveness and the feasibility of this intervention targeted to early phases of psychosis ( MCT young version). Design: An experimental design included two groups of subjects on the basis of their duration of untreated psychosis ( DUP ) ‘short’ (less or equal than 12 months) and ‘long’ DUP (longer than 12 months), assessed at baseline and after the 4‐month intervention. Methods: Fifty‐six young subjects affected by early psychosis were assessed on psychopathology, social functioning, neurocognitive, and metacognitive measures. The primary outcome was the reduction of psychopathology. Secondary outcomes included reduction of cognitive and emotional dysfunction and improvement of social functioning. Results: At the end of the 4‐month MCT , both groups showed significant improvements in many variables: positive symptoms, cognitive functions, as verbal memory, attention and mental flexibility, and metacognitive functions, as cognitive insight. Significant and positive changes were found in theory of mind abilities and social perception. Conclusions: The difference in DUP between the two groups of young subjects of our sample did not seem to influence the intervention outcomes, still taking into account that the average difference between the two groups in terms of DUP is 12.6 months. Practitioner points: Metacognition refers to the general ability ‘to think about thinking,’ that is, the ability to think about one's mental state and the mental states of others. Persons with schizophrenia experience different metacognitive impairments. The metacognitive training for patients with schizophrenia – young version can be applied to young people affected by psychosis and seems to improve symptomatology, social functioning, cognitive, and metacognitive abilities, independently by their Duration of Untreated Psychosis over a 2‐year period.
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In patients with schizophrenia, both longer and shorter duration of untreated psychosis groups experienced gains in cognitive insight with metacognitive training.
“Ussorio et al 183 compared the effects of MCT on patients with schizophrenia with a longer or shorter duration of untreated psychosis and found that both groups experienced gains in cognitive insight.”
From Insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: relationship with behavior, mood and perceived quality of life, underlying causes and emerging treatments (2018) · cites this paper as [183]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Ussorio, D., Giusti, L., Wittekind, C. E., Bianchini, V., Malavolta, M., Pollice, R., Casacchia, M., & Roncone, R.
- Affiliations
- University of L'Aquila (IT)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Roncone, Rita
- Venue
- Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-20
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50-65
- ISSN
- 1476-0835 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8341
- OpenAlex
- W2099691635
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 4.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi dell Aquila (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Mental Health
- National Health Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- metacognitive training, early psychosis, duration of untreated psychosis, cognitive biases, jumping to conclusions, theory of mind, delusions, cognitive insight, social functioning, cognitive impairment, youth, schizophrenia, verbal memory, attention, cognitive flexibility
- MeSH terms
- Metacognition, Female, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Psychotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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