Cited by 126Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesTreatment of Major DepressionPsychological Treatments and Disorders

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Stressful Life Events, Chronic Difficulties, and the Symptoms of Clinical Depression

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Muscatell, Keely A., Slavich, George M., Monroe, Scott M., Gotlib, Ian H.·2009·Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease

DOI 10.1097/nmd.0b013e318199f77bPMC PMC2840389

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Abstract

Major life events and chronic difficulties have been found to be associated with the onset of depression. Little is known, however, about how exposure to such stressors is related to the clinical presentation of this disorder. We addressed this issue by administering an interview-based measure of life stress, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale to 100 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants who experienced a preonset severe life event exhibited greater overall levels of depression severity, endorsed more cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression, and functioned at lower levels than did their counterparts without preonset severe life events. In contrast, exposure to a preonset severe difficulty was unrelated to participants' severity of depression, cognitive and somatic symptoms, or level of global functioning. These findings highlight the potentially greater importance of acute stress compared with chronic stress for influencing these key clinical features of depression.

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Authors: Muscatell, K. A., Slavich, G. M., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H.
Affiliations: Boston College (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
University of Notre Dame (US)
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Muscatell, Keely A.
ORCID: Muscatell, Keely A.
Slavich, George M.
Monroe, Scott M.
Gotlib, Ian H.
Venue: Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 197
Issue: 3
Pages: 154-160
ISSN: 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0b013e318199f77b
PMC: PMC2840389
OpenAlex: W2091240107
Cited by: 126
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 9.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH-60802, MH59259, R01MH060802, R01MH059259)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
Keywords: life events, major depressive disorder, depression severity, cognitive symptoms of depression, somatic symptoms of depression, global functioning, acute stress, chronic stress, Beck Depression Inventory, Global Assessment of Functioning
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Chronic Disease, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Somatoform Disorders, Young Adult

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Stressful Life Events, Chronic Difficulties, and the Symptoms of Clinical Depression

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