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Stressful Life Events, Chronic Difficulties, and the Symptoms of Clinical Depression
Open accessAbstract
Major life events and chronic difficulties have been found to be associated with the onset of depression. Little is known, however, about how exposure to such stressors is related to the clinical presentation of this disorder. We addressed this issue by administering an interview-based measure of life stress, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale to 100 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants who experienced a preonset severe life event exhibited greater overall levels of depression severity, endorsed more cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression, and functioned at lower levels than did their counterparts without preonset severe life events. In contrast, exposure to a preonset severe difficulty was unrelated to participants' severity of depression, cognitive and somatic symptoms, or level of global functioning. These findings highlight the potentially greater importance of acute stress compared with chronic stress for influencing these key clinical features of depression.
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“Emerging from this work is evidence that different types of life events may actually have different effects on depression depending on their core features and social-psychological characteristics”
From From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: A social signal transduction theory of depression. (2014) · cites this paper as Muscatell, Slavich, Monroe, & Gotlib, 2009
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Muscatell, K. A., Slavich, G. M., Monroe, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Muscatell, Keely A.
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 154-160
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2840389
- OpenAlex
- W2091240107
- Cited by
- 126
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 9.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-60802, MH59259, R01MH060802, R01MH059259)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Disorders
- Keywords
- life events, major depressive disorder, depression severity, cognitive symptoms of depression, somatic symptoms of depression, global functioning, acute stress, chronic stress, Beck Depression Inventory, Global Assessment of Functioning
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Chronic Disease, Cognition Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Somatoform Disorders, Young Adult
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