Rumination predicts longer sleep onset latency after an acute psychosocial stressor
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Rumination has been linked to self-reported sleep quality. However, whether rumination is related to an objective sleep parameter has not been tested. This study examined whether rumination predicts sleep onset latency (SOL) on the night after an acute psychosocial stressor. We hypothesized that those who ruminate (assessed with both trait and stressor-specific measures) would have longer SOL (assessed with objective and subjective methods). METHODS: Seventy participants delivered a 5-minute speech in front of an evaluative panel during an afternoon laboratory session. Trait rumination was assessed before the stressor. Stressor-specific rumination was captured with the frequency of task-related thoughts participants experienced during a 10-minute rest period after the stressor. Participants wore actigraphs on their wrists on the night after the laboratory session to measure objective sleep onset latency (SOL-O). Subjective sleep onset latency was estimated by participants on the subsequent morning. RESULTS: Consistent with hypotheses, trait and stressor-specific rumination predicted longer SOL-O and subjective sleep onset latency, respectively. In addition, trait and stressor-specific rumination interacted to predict longer SOL-O. SOL-O was longest among those who engaged in more stressor-specific rumination and had greater trait rumination scores. Neither rumination measure was related to sleep duration or wakefulness after sleep onset. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study are consistent with previous research linking rumination to subjective sleep quality. The results also suggest that post-stressor ruminative thought may predict delayed sleep onset for those with a propensity for rumination.
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The association between sleep maintenance problems and affective/paranoid experiences is less clear, either weaker or no relationship.
“The association between sleep maintenance problems and these experiences is less clear (i.e., either a weaker relationship or no relationship, see [49, 51–53]).”
From A structural equation model of the relationship between insomnia, negative affect, and paranoid thinking (2017) · cites this paper as [53]
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BackgroundDaily reactivity to stress and sleep disturbances: unique risk factors for insomnia
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“In healthy individuals, poor sleep quality is associated with rumination after controlling for negative affect (Thomsen et al. 2003), and rumination following a stressful event predicts increased sleep onset latency (Zoccola et al. 2009) and decreased sleep quality (Guastella and Moulds 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialDay-to-day relations between stress and sleep and the mediating role of perseverative cognition
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Stress dynamically reduces sleep depth: temporal proximity to the stressor is crucial
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“Cognitive arousal has been associated with subjective sleep quality and difficulties falling asleep (Zoccola et al. 2009; Takano et al. 2012; Pillai et al. 2014), with objective sleep disturbances as well as physiological hyperarousal during the day and night (Kalmbach et al. 2020).”
Sleep-Related Arousal Versus General Cognitive Arousal in Primary Insomnia
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Is waiting bad for subjective health?
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“Second, rumination may be associated with some aspects of sleep quality, such as sleep latency, but not others (Zoccola et al., 2009).”
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“Several experimental studies also showed that rumination had a detrimental impact on sleep quality for students high in rumination (e.g., Guastella and Moulds 2007; Zoccola et al. 2009).”
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ResultRumination decreases parental problem-solving effectiveness in dysphoric postnatal mothers
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Specific aspects of sleep disturbance associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts
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Bidirectional Links Between Social Rejection and Sleep
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Linking repetitive negative thinking and insomnia symptoms: A longitudinal trait-state model
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Anxiety in Residents in China: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a Multicenter Study
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“Involuntary engagement includes components such as physiological arousal and rumination, which have been shown in previous studies (outside of pandemic conditions) to be associated with impaired sleep (Y. Li et al., 2019; Tousignant et al., 2019; Zoccola et al., 2009).”
BackgroundTopan, R., Vork, L., Fitzke, H., Pandya, S., Keszthelyi, D., Cornelis, J. P., Ellis, J. G., Oudenhove, L. V., Houte, M. V. D., & Aziz, Q. (2023) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002510 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zoccola, P. M., Dickerson, S. S., & Lam, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zoccola, Peggy M.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 771-775
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2010137324
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- rumination, sleep latency, acute psychosocial stress, trait rumination, sleep quality, speech stressor, actigraphy
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Adolescent, Adult, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Speech, Stress, Psychological, Thinking, Wakefulness, Polysomnography
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