Effects of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation on Stress, Mild Psychiatric Symptoms, and Mood in Nonclinical Samples: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Biochemical processes in the brain affect mood. Minor dietary inadequacies, which are responsible for a small decline in an enzyme's efficiency, could cumulatively influence mood states. When diet does not provide an optimal intake of micronutrients, supplementation is expected to benefit mood. This meta-analysis evaluated the influence of diet supplementation on mood in nonclinical samples. METHODS: Databases were evaluated and studies were included if they considered aspects of stress, mild psychiatric symptoms, or mood in the general population; were randomized and placebo-controlled; evaluated the influence of multivitamin/mineral supplements for at least 28 days. Eight studies that met the inclusion criteria were integrated using meta-analysis. RESULTS: Supplementation reduced the levels of perceived stress (standard mean difference [SMD]=0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.47-0.22; p=.001), mild psychiatric symptoms (SMD=0.30; 95% CI=0.43-0.18; p=.001), and anxiety (SMD=0.32; 95% CI=0.48-0.16; p<.001), but not depression (SMD=0.20; 95% CI=0.42-0.030; p<.089). Fatigue (SMD=0.27; 95% CI=0.40-0.146; p<.001) and confusion (SMD=0.225; 95% CI=0.38-0.07; p<.003) were also reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Micronutrient supplementation has a beneficial effect on perceived stress, mild psychiatric symptoms, and aspects of everyday mood in apparently healthy individuals. Supplements containing high doses of B vitamins may be more effective in improving mood states. Questions about optimal levels of micronutrient intake, optimal doses, and active ingredients arise.
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Published systematic reviews or meta-analyses in the area most often confirmed favorable effects for micronutrient interventions.
“Published in the last few years, they most often confirmed favorable effects for micronutrient interventions.”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [218]
In adults, available data suggest an improvement of psychological and cognitive functions following multiple supplementations.
“In adults, the available data suggest an improvement of psychological and cognitive functions following multiple supplementations, based on several reviews [94,217] and on meta-analyses of intervention trials addressing mood and psychological state [218,219].”
From Vitamins and Minerals for Energy, Fatigue and Cognition: A Narrative Review of the Biochemical and Clinical Evidence (2020) · cites this paper as [218]
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- Authors
- Long, S.-J., & Benton, D.
- Affiliations
- Swansea University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Benton, David
- ORCID
- Benton, David
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 144-153
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2330166759
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- micronutrients, mood, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, confusion, B vitamins, non-clinical population, dietary inadequacy
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Anxiety, Confusion, Depression, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, Humans, Placebos, Stress, Psychological, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Nutrition Policy, Micronutrients, Dietary Supplements
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