Effects of high-dose B vitamin complex with vitamin C and minerals on subjective mood and performance in healthy males
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RATIONALE: A significant proportion of the general population report supplementing their diet with one or more vitamins or minerals, with common reasons for doing so being to combat stress and fatigue and to improve mental functioning. Few studies have assessed the relationship between supplementation with vitamins/minerals and psychological functioning in healthy cohorts of non-elderly adults. OBJECTIVES: The present randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel groups trial assessed the cognitive and mood effects of a high-dose B-complex vitamin and mineral supplement (Berocca(R)) in 215 males aged 30 to 55 years, who were in full-time employment. METHODS: Participants attended the laboratory prior to and on the last day of a 33-day treatment period where they completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Cognitive performance and task-related modulation of mood/fatigue were assessed with the 60 min cognitive demand battery. On the final day, participants also completed the Stroop task for 40 min whilst engaged in inclined treadmill walking and subsequent executive function was assessed. RESULTS: Vitamin/mineral supplementation led to significant improvements in ratings on the PSS, GHQ-12 and the 'vigour' subscale of the POMS. The vitamin/mineral group also performed better on the Serial 3s subtractions task and rated themselves as less 'mentally tired' both pre- and post-completion of the cognitive demand battery. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy members of the general population may benefit from augmented levels of vitamins/minerals via direct dietary supplementation. Specifically, supplementation led to improved ratings of stress, mental health and vigour and improved cognitive performance during intense mental processing.
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The cognitive and mood assessment system (COMPASS) has previously been shown to be sensitive to nutritional interventions including caffeine.
“This assessment system has previously been shown to be sensitive to nutritional interventions (Kennedy et al. 2010a; Stonehouse et al. 2013) including caffeine (Kennedy and Haskell 2011).”
From A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine Both Alone and in Combination on Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition and Mood (2015) · cites this paper as Kennedy et al. 2010a
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- Authors
- Kennedy, D. O., Veasey, R., Watson, A., Dodd, F., Jones, E., Maggini, S., & Haskell, C. F.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Bayer (Switzerland) (CH)
- Venue
- Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2010-05-08
- Volume
- 211
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-68
- ISSN
- 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-2072
- PMC
- PMC2885294
- OpenAlex
- W2082890731
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 14.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- B vitamins, vitamin C, mineral supplementation, mood, stress, mental health, cognitive performance, fatigue, vigor, executive function, Stroop task, treadmill walking, healthy men
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Ascorbic Acid, Cognition, Double-Blind Method, Fatigue, Humans, Male, Mathematics, Middle Aged, Minerals, Neuropsychological Tests, Placebos, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vitamin B Complex, Dietary Supplements, Executive Function
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