Cited by 1,941Sustainable Agricultural Systems AnalysisPlant and soil sciencesAgriculture, Land Use, Rural Development

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Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence

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Pretty, Jules·2008·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.2163PMC PMC2610163

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Abstract

Concerns about sustainability in agricultural systems centre on the need to develop technologies and practices that do not have adverse effects on environmental goods and services, are accessible to and effective for farmers, and lead to improvements in food productivity. Despite great progress in agricultural productivity in the past half-century, with crop and livestock productivity strongly driven by increased use of fertilizers, irrigation water, agricultural machinery, pesticides and land, it would be over-optimistic to assume that these relationships will remain linear in the future. New approaches are needed that will integrate biological and ecological processes into food production, minimize the use of those non-renewable inputs that cause harm to the environment or to the health of farmers and consumers, make productive use of the knowledge and skills of farmers, so substituting human capital for costly external inputs, and make productive use of people's collective capacities to work together to solve common agricultural and natural resource problems, such as for pest, watershed, irrigation, forest and credit management. These principles help to build important capital assets for agricultural systems: natural; social; human; physical; and financial capital. Improving natural capital is a central aim, and dividends can come from making the best use of the genotypes of crops and animals and the ecological conditions under which they are grown or raised. Agricultural sustainability suggests a focus on both genotype improvements through the full range of modern biological approaches and improved understanding of the benefits of ecological and agronomic management, manipulation and redesign. The ecological management of agroecosystems that addresses energy flows, nutrient cycling, population-regulating mechanisms and system resilience can lead to the redesign of agriculture at a landscape scale. Sustainable agriculture outcomes can be positive for food productivity, reduced pesticide use and carbon balances. Significant challenges, however, remain to develop national and international policies to support the wider emergence of more sustainable forms of agricultural production across both industrialized and developing countries.

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Choosing source of microorganisms and processing technology for next generation beet bioinoculant
Szymańska, S., Sikora, M., Hrynkiewicz, K., Tyburski, J., Tretyn, A., & Gołębiewski, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82436-5 · Cited by 17
Controlling insecticide resistant clones of the aphid, Myzus persicae , using the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius : fitness cost of resistance under pathogen challenge
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Human Overpopulation and Food Security
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Agroecology as a Transdisciplinary Science for a Sustainable Agriculture
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“However, neither industry, nor traders and nor farmers have paid for social and environmental externalities (Clark 1985; Tilman et al. 2002; Pretty et al. 2000; Pretty 2008).”
Background
Resource connectivity for beneficial insects in landscapes dominated by monoculture tree crop plantations
Saunders, M. E. (2016) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2015.1025496 · Cited by 17
“These management practices are fundamental to sustainable agriculture, providing widespread benefits for farm productivity and ecological function (Bommarco, Kleijn, & Potts, 2013; Pretty, 2008).”
Background
Production Systems for Sustainable Intensification
Kassam, A., Friedrich, T., Shaxson, F., Reeves, T., Pretty, J., & Sa, J. (2011) · TATuP Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis · doi:10.14512/tatup.20.2.38 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Adoption of sustainable farming practices in Vietnam: A discourse of the determining factors
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Policy insights for drought adaptation: Farmers' behavior and sustainable agricultural development
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Reviewing the evidence on precision agriculture and environmental sustainability
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What will drive the small tea growers towards environment-friendly cultivation? Implications from the tea sector in Assam, India
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Changes over Time Matter: A Cycle of Participatory Sustainability Assessment of Organic Coffee in Chiapas, Mexico
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Rationale for field-specific on-farm precision experimentation
Hegedus, P. B., & Maxwell, B. D. (2022) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2022.108088 · Cited by 16
Multi-criteria assessment of cropping systems for the sustainable intensification in the Pampas
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Sustainability Assessment of the Arabica Coffee Agribusiness in North Toraja: Insight from a Multidimensional Approach
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Sustainable Agriculture and Crop Physiology
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Visualizing Sustainability of Selective Mountain Farming Systems from Far-eastern Himalayas to Support Decision Making
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“They are land spaces that define and direct people’s aspirations, interests, and motivations [1], and are oriented by the ways people manage diverse resources and implement management practices within their respective socio-cultural and economic value systems [2].”
Background
Farmers’ Perceptions of the Warehouse Receipt System in Indonesia
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“In general, farmers have a positive attitude toward sustainable agriculture practices that enhance agricultural productivity and are environmentally friendly [2,4].”
Background
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Towards an agricultural entrepreneurship development model: an empirical investigation in Namibia’s agricultural communities
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What makes a citrus farmer go organic? Empirical evidence from Spanish citrus farming
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“Others have preferred to list a set of key principles to characterize sustainable agriculture (Pretty, 2008), involving the integration of biological and ecological processes into food production and minimization of the use of non-renewable inputs Organic farming aims to create a sustainable…”
Background
Agricultural Practices in the Mediterranean
Casas, J. J., Bonachela, S., Moyano, F. J., Fenoy, E., & Hernández, J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407849-9.00003-8 · Cited by 16
External shocks, agent interactions, and endogenous feedbacks — Investigating system resilience with a stylized land use model
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The Balanced Scorecard as a Tool Evaluating the Sustainable Performance of Chinese Emerging Family Farms—Evidence from Jilin Province in China
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Developing Indicators of Sustainable Agriculture at Farm Level
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Towards Sustainable Agriculture in Chile, Reflections on the Role of Public Policy
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“Sweden has a program to support organic agriculture (Pretty, 2008).”
Background
Industrial Hemp for Sustainable Agriculture: A Critical Evaluation from Global and Indian Perspectives
Tripathi, A., & Kumar, R. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8778-5_2 · Cited by 15
Nanotechnology and sustainable development
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Detecting the research trends and evolution of energy resilience: a bibliometric analysis
Yu, Y., Chen, K., Liao, J., & Zhu, W. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23768-1 · Cited by 15
“5 Agricultural sustainability: concepts, principles and evidence Pretty (2008) 702 2008 1 190 1”
Understanding the determinants and impact of the adoption of technologies for sustainable farming systems in water-scarce areas of Bangladesh
Sunny, F. A., Karimanzira, T. T. P., Peng, W., Rahman, M. S., & Zuhui, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2022.961034 · Cited by 15
“Sustainable agriculture is defined as adopting socially acceptable and financially viable farming practices to satisfy human food and fiber needs over the long term and remediate the environment that has been overused or misused by intensified agricultural practices while ensuring the efficient use of non-renewable an…”
Background
Effects of Changing Climate Extremes on Maize Grain Yield in Northeast China
Dong, M., Zhao, J., Li, E., Liu, Z., Guo, S., Zhang, Z., Cui, W., & Yang, X. (2023) · Agronomy · doi:10.3390/agronomy13041050 · Cited by 15
Digitalization, resource misallocation and low-carbon agricultural production: evidence from China
Xu, Y., Li, C., Wang, X., & Wang, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2023.1117086 · Cited by 15
“This finding is consistent with Pretty (2007), who argued that agriculture production sometimes accumulates carbon and thus pollutes the environment.”
Result
Europeanization of Sub-Arctic Environments: Perspectives from Norse Greenland’s Outer Fjords
Golding, K. A., Simpson, I. A., Wilson, C. A., Lowe, E. C., Schofield, J. E., & Edwards, K. J. (2014) · Human Ecology · doi:10.1007/s10745-014-9708-y · Cited by 15
“The outcome of Norse homefield management at Sandhavn is a sustainable intensification in one area of the landscape to improve fodder quality and productivity and to enhance the soil resource base (Pretty, 2008; Franks, 2014).”
Background
Future supply and demand of net primary production in the Sahel
Sallaba, F., Olin, S., Engström, K., Abdi, A. M., Boke-Olén, N., Lehsten, V., Ardö, J., & Seaquist, J. (2017) · Earth System Dynamics · doi:10.5194/esd-8-1191-2017 · Cited by 13
Agro-ecological Role of Earthworms (Oligochaetes) in Sustainable Agriculture and Nutrient Use Efficiency: A Review
Manono, B. O. (2016) · Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International · doi:10.9734/jaeri/2016/24517 · Cited by 15
Characteristics of Soil Moisture and Evaporation under the Activities of Earthworms in Typical Anthrosols in China
Ma, L., Shao, M., & Li, T. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12166603 · Cited by 15
Ecological Intensification for Sustainable Agriculture: The Nigerian Perspective
Muoghalu, L. N., & Akanwa, A. O. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-33-4203-3_15 · Cited by 16
Response of spinach plants to different doses of two commercial nanofertilizers
Gil-Díaz, M., García-Gonzalo, P., Mancho, C., Hernández, L. E., Alonso, J., & Lobo, M. C. (2022) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111143 · Cited by 15
Estudo da sustentabilidade agrícola em município amazônico com análise envoltória de dados
Gomes, E. G., de Mello, J. C. C. B. S., & Mangabeira, J. A. D. C. (2009) · Pesquisa Operacional · doi:10.1590/s0101-74382009000100002 · Cited by 15
Antifungal activity of four plants against Alternaria alternata.
Rodino, S., Buțu, M., Petrache, P., Buţu, A., & Cornea, C. P. (2014) · Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies · Cited by 15
Quantification of Regional and Global Sustainability Based on Combined Resource Criticality of Land and Water
Goswami, P., & Nishad, S. N. (2018) · Current Science · doi:10.18520/cs/v114/i02/355-366 · Cited by 15
“(1) represents loss of agricultural land due to demands for non-agricultural activities like habitat, infrastructure and industries(18,19,45,46).”
Background
Reduced soil disturbance: Positive effects on greenhouse gas efflux and soil N losses in winter wheat systems of the southern plains
Peterson, B. L., Hanna, L., & Steiner, J. L. (2019) · Soil and Tillage Research · doi:10.1016/j.still.2019.03.020 · Cited by 15
Predictable patterns of unsustainable intensification
Rietveld, A. M., Groot, J. C. J., & van der Burg, M. (2021) · International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability · doi:10.1080/14735903.2021.1940731 · Cited by 18
“…to agricultural development and environmental conservation (Bawden, 2012; Dillon et al., 2016; Godfray, 2015; National Research Council, 2014; Pretty, 2008; Rao & Rogers, 2006; Smith & McDonald, 1998) as well as in respect to other sectors such as industrial design (Mcdonough & Braungart,…”
Background

Authors: Pretty, J.
Affiliations: University of Essex (GB)
Corresponding author: Pretty, Jules
ORCID: Pretty, Jules
Venue: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Publisher: The Royal Society
Published: 2007-07-25
Volume: 363
Issue: 1491
Pages: 447-465
ISSN: 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
1471-2970
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2163
PMC: PMC2610163
OpenAlex: W2124217459
Cited by: 1,941
References: 175
Citations by year: 2026: 159 · 2025: 178 · 2024: 180 · 2023: 138 · 2022: 123 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 123 · 2018: 101 · 2017: 105 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 80 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 1.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: royalsociety.org/journals/ethics-policies/data-sharing-mining/ (tdm)
Locations: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Open Access at Essex (University of Essex) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant and soil sciences
Social Sciences › Development › Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development
Keywords: sustainable agriculture, agroecosystems, natural capital, social capital, human capital, financial capital, physical capital, ecological management, nutrient cycling, system resilience, food productivity, pesticide reduction, carbon balance, farmer knowledge, agricultural policy, environmental goods and services
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Animals, Animal Husbandry, Conservation of Natural Resources, Developing Countries, Environment, Food Supply, Humans, Pesticides, Ecosystem, Crops, Agricultural, Developed Countries

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