Risk factors for development of neurologic disease after experimental exposure to equine herpesvirus-1 in horses.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with development of clinical neurologic signs in horses exposed to equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). ANIMALS: 36 adult horses. PROCEDURES: Blood samples collected before and after challenge inoculation with nonneuropathogenic or neuropathogenic EHV-1 were analyzed for leukocyte-associated viremia, serum neutralizing antibody, and EHV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTLPs). Associations between variables and neurologic disease and correlations between age category or breed and development of neurologic disease were examined. RESULTS: 9 horses developed CNS signs (ataxia, hind limb paresis or paralysis, bladder atony, or recumbency). Neurologic deficits were correlated with infection by a neuropathogenic strain of EHV-1, age>20 years, high postexposure viremic load, and low preexposure concentration of CTLPs. No significant correlations were observed between preinfection titers or horse breed and postinfection development of neurologic signs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses with high concentrations of preexisting CTLPs, regardless of age, strain of virus, or titer, were more likely to control the magnitude of postinfection leukocyte-associated viremia and subsequent development of neurologic disease; therefore, CTLPs appear to be a critical requirement for protective immunity against EHV-1-induced myeloencephalopathy. The importance of achieving immunity related to high concentrations of vaccine-induced CTLPs in horses at high risk for exposure to neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1 is indicated.
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Several risk factors, including older age, Standardbred breed, female gender, late autumn/winter/spring season, and neurovirulent EHV-1 strain, have been associated with an increased risk to develop equine herpes myeloencephalopathy.
“Several risks factors, including the age (elder), breed (Standardbred), gender (female), season (late autumn, winter, spring), and type of EHV-1 strain (neurovirulent) have been associated with an increased risk to develop EHM (Goehring et al., 2006; Henninger et al., 2007; Allen, 2008; Perkins et al., 2009; Pusterla et al., 2016).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Allen, 2008
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- Authors
- Allen, G. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Allen, George P.
- ORCID
- Allen, George P.
- Venue
- American Journal of Veterinary Research
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1595-1600
- ISSN
- 0002-9645 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2077063970
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Veterinary Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Equine › Veterinary Equine Medical Research
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, horses, risk factors, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors, myeloencephalopathy, age, vaccine-induced immunity, neutralizing antibodies, challenge inoculation
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Animals, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Female, Horse Diseases, Horses, Nervous System Diseases, Risk Factors, T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic, Viremia
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