Cited by 13Herpesvirus Infections and TreatmentsAnimal Virus Infections StudiesViral-associated cancers and disorders

Equine Herpesvirus type 1 modulates cytokine and chemokine profiles of mononuclear cells for efficient dissemination to target organs.

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Pavulraj, Selvaraj, Kamel, Mohamed, Stephanowitz, Heike, Liu, Fan, Plendl, Johanna, Osterrieder, Nikolaus, Azab, Walid·2020·Viruses

Abstract

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes encephalomyelopathy and abortion, for which cell-associated viremia and subsequent virus transfer to and replication in endothelial cells (EC) are responsible and prerequisites. Viral and cellular molecules responsible for efficient cell-to-cell spread of EHV-1 between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and EC remain unclear. We have generated EHV-1 mutants lacking ORF1, ORF2, and ORF17 genes, either individually or in combination. Mutant viruses were analyzed for their replication properties in cultured equine dermal cells, PBMC infection efficiency, virus-induced changes in the PBMC proteome, and cytokine and chemokine expression profiles. ORF1, ORF2, and ORF17 are not essential for virus replication, but ORF17 deletion resulted in a significant reduction in plaque size. Deletion of ORF2 and ORF17 gene significantly reduced cell-to-cell virus transfer from virus-infected PBMC to EC. EHV-1 infection of PBMC resulted in upregulation of several pathways such as Ras signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, platelet activation and leukocyte transendothelial migration. In contrast, chemokine signaling, RNA degradation and apoptotic pathways were downregulated. Deletion of ORF1, ORF2 and ORF17 modulated chemokine signaling and MAPK pathways in infected PBMC, which may explain the impairment of virus spread between PBMC and EC. The proteomic results were further confirmed by chemokine assays, which showed that virus infection dramatically reduced the cytokine/chemokine release in infected PBMC. This study uncovers cellular proteins and pathways influenced by EHV-1 after PBMC infection and provide an important resource for EHV-1 pathogenesis. EHV-1-immunomodulatory genes could be potential targets for the development of live attenuated vaccines or therapeutics against virus infection.

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  • Release of cytokines and chemokines is significantly reduced in PBMC upon EHV-1 infection.

    “However, another study demonstrated that the release of cytokines and chemokines is significantly reduced in PBMC upon EHV-1 infection (Pavulraj et al., 2020).”

    From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Pavulraj et al., 2020

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Authors
Pavulraj, S., Kamel, M., Stephanowitz, H., Liu, F., Plendl, J., Osterrieder, N., & Azab, W.
Affiliations
  • Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
  • Cairo University (EG)
  • Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (DE)
Corresponding author
Azab, Walid
Venue
Viruses
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-08
Volume
12
Issue
9
Pages
999
ISSN
1999-4915 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3084183380
Cited by
13
References
112
Citations by year
2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5
FWCI
1.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Viruses (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver (cc-by)
Funders
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG AZ 97/3-2)
  • Morris Animal Foundation (D19EQ-003)
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (2018-67015-28242)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Keywords
equine herpesvirus 1, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, endothelial cells, ORF2, ORF1, viral mutants, proteome changes, Ras signaling, MAPK signaling, chemokine signaling, immunomodulation, encephalomyelopathy, abortion (veterinary)
MeSH terms
Animals, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Herpesviridae Infections, Horse Diseases, Horses, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Virus Replication, Cytokines, Chemokines, Host-Pathogen Interactions

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