Equine Herpesvirus type 1 modulates cytokine and chemokine profiles of mononuclear cells for efficient dissemination to target organs.
Open accessAbstract
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) causes encephalomyelopathy and abortion, for which cell-associated viremia and subsequent virus transfer to and replication in endothelial cells (EC) are responsible and prerequisites. Viral and cellular molecules responsible for efficient cell-to-cell spread of EHV-1 between peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and EC remain unclear. We have generated EHV-1 mutants lacking ORF1, ORF2, and ORF17 genes, either individually or in combination. Mutant viruses were analyzed for their replication properties in cultured equine dermal cells, PBMC infection efficiency, virus-induced changes in the PBMC proteome, and cytokine and chemokine expression profiles. ORF1, ORF2, and ORF17 are not essential for virus replication, but ORF17 deletion resulted in a significant reduction in plaque size. Deletion of ORF2 and ORF17 gene significantly reduced cell-to-cell virus transfer from virus-infected PBMC to EC. EHV-1 infection of PBMC resulted in upregulation of several pathways such as Ras signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, platelet activation and leukocyte transendothelial migration. In contrast, chemokine signaling, RNA degradation and apoptotic pathways were downregulated. Deletion of ORF1, ORF2 and ORF17 modulated chemokine signaling and MAPK pathways in infected PBMC, which may explain the impairment of virus spread between PBMC and EC. The proteomic results were further confirmed by chemokine assays, which showed that virus infection dramatically reduced the cytokine/chemokine release in infected PBMC. This study uncovers cellular proteins and pathways influenced by EHV-1 after PBMC infection and provide an important resource for EHV-1 pathogenesis. EHV-1-immunomodulatory genes could be potential targets for the development of live attenuated vaccines or therapeutics against virus infection.
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Release of cytokines and chemokines is significantly reduced in PBMC upon EHV-1 infection.
“However, another study demonstrated that the release of cytokines and chemokines is significantly reduced in PBMC upon EHV-1 infection (Pavulraj et al., 2020).”
From The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (2021) · cites this paper as Pavulraj et al., 2020
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Slater, J. D. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0891-8.00014-2 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cell Biology of Herpes Viruses
Osterrieder, K. (2017) · Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53168-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cell Adhesion Under Hydrodynamic Flow Conditions
Gopalan, P. K., Jones, D. A., McIntire, L. V., & Smith, C. W. (1995) · Current Protocols in Immunology · doi:10.1002/0471142735.im0729s15 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Isolation of equine endothelial cells and life cell angiogenesis assay
Dietze, K., Slosarek, I., Fuhrmann-Selter, T., Hopperdietzel, C., Plendl, J., & Kaessmeyer, S. (2014) · Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation · doi:10.3233/ch-141877 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Virus-cell interactions: impact on cytokine production, immune evasion and tumor growth.
Mogensen, T. H., & Paludan, S. R. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
van der Meulen, K. M., Nauwynck, H., & Pensaert, M. B. (2002) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00499-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Proft, A., Spiesschaert, B., Izume, S., Taferner, S., Lehmann, M., & Azab, W. (2016) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v8100275 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Modelling of human herpesvirus infections in humanized mice
Berges, B. K., & Tanner, A. R. (2014) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.067793-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Murugaiyan, J., Eravci, M., Weise, C., & Roesler, U. H. (2017) · Data in Brief · doi:10.1016/j.dib.2017.04.006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Louten, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800947-5.00013-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Liu, Z., Huang, J., Qing, D., Yang, Y., & Sun, H. (2016) · Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.4314/tjpr.v15i6.4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 112 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Pathogenesis and Immune Evasive Mechanisms of Equine Herpesvirus Type 1
Laval, K., Poelaert, K. C. K., Van Cleemput, J., Zhao, J., Vandekerckhove, A. P., Gryspeerdt, A. C., Garré, B., van der Meulen, K., Baghi, H. B., Dubale, H. N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.662686 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Updated ACVIM consensus statement on equine herpesvirus-1
Lunn, D. P., Burgess, B. A., Dorman, D. C., Goehring, L. S., Gross, M., Osterrieder, N., Pusterla, N., & Hussey, G. S. (2024) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.17047 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pavulraj, S., Eschke, K., Theisen, J., Westhoff, S., Reimers, G., Andreotti, S., Osterrieder, N., & Azab, W. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10070810 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Equine Herpesvirus-1 Myeloencephalopathy
Pusterla, N., Hussey, G. S., & Goehring, L. S. (2022) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2022.05.006 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zarski, L. M., Giessler, K. S., Jacob, S. I., Weber, P. S. D., McCauley, A. G., Lee, Y., & Hussey, G. S. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13030356 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Hussey, G. S., & Giessler, K. S. (2022) · The Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2022.105827 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sucharita, S., Krishnagopal, A., & den Hurk, S. V. D. L. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15102058 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pavulraj, S., Pannhorst, K., Stout, R. W., Paulsen, D. B., Carossino, M., Meyer, D., Becher, P., & Chowdhury, S. I. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10020305 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zarski, L. M., VAALA, W. E., Barnett, D. C., Bain, F. T., & Hussey, G. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.674850 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Time to resolution of airway inflammation caused by bronchoalveolar lavage in healthy horses
Woodrow, J. S., Hopster, K., Palmisano, M. G., Payette, F., Kulp, J. C., Stefanovski, D., & Nolen‐Walston, R. D. (2024) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/jvim.17169 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Balena, V., Pradhan, S. S., Bera, B. C., Anand, T., Sansanwal, R., Khetmalis, R. S., Madhwal, A., Bernela, M., Supriya, K., Pavulraj, S., et al. (2023) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.044 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Editorial: Herpesviruses of animals: recent advances and updates
Pavulraj, S., & Azab, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1326282 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Joshi, A., Gupta, R. P., Pavulraj, S., Bera, B. C., Anand, T., Maji, C., Bhatt, J., Singh, R. K., Tripathi, B. N., & Virmani, N. (2021) · Indian Journal of Animal Research · doi:10.18805/ijar.b-4373 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pavulraj, S., Kamel, M., Stephanowitz, H., Liu, F., Plendl, J., Osterrieder, N., & Azab, W.
- Affiliations
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Cairo University (EG)
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Azab, Walid
- Venue
- Viruses
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 999
- ISSN
- 1999-4915 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7551999
- OpenAlex
- W3084183380
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Viruses (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver (cc-by)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG AZ 97/3-2)
- Morris Animal Foundation (D19EQ-003)
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (2018-67015-28242)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- equine herpesvirus 1, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, endothelial cells, ORF2, ORF1, viral mutants, proteome changes, Ras signaling, MAPK signaling, chemokine signaling, immunomodulation, encephalomyelopathy, abortion (veterinary)
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Herpesviridae Infections, Horse Diseases, Horses, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Virus Replication, Cytokines, Chemokines, Host-Pathogen Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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