Early postmortem brain MRI findings in COVID-19 non-survivors
Open accessAbstract
Importance: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is considered to have potential neuro-invasiveness that might lead to acute brain disorders or contribute to respiratory distress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in COVID-19 patients are scarce due to difficulties to obtain such examination in infected unstable patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. Objective: To investigate the occurrence of structural brain abnormalities in non-survivors of COVID-19 in a virtopsy framework. Design: Prospective, case series study with postmortem brain MRI obtained early (<24h) after death. Setting: Monocentric study. Participants: From 31/03/2020 to 24/04/2020, consecutive decedents who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria were included: death <24 hours, SARS-CoV-2 detection on nasopharyngeal swab specimen, chest computerized tomographic (CT) scan suggestive of COVID-19, absence of known focal brain lesion, and MRI compatibility. Main Outcome(s) andMeasure(s): Signs of acute brain injury and MRI signal abnormalities along the olfactory tract and brainstem were searched independently by 3 neuroradiologists, then reviewed with neurologists and clinicians. Results: Among the 62 patients who died from COVID-19 during the inclusion period, 19 decedents fulfilled inclusion criteria. Subcortical micro- and macro-bleeds (2 decedents), cortico-subcortical edematous changes evocative of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES, one decedent), and nonspecific deep white matter changes (one decedent) were observed. Asymmetric olfactory bulbs were found in 4 other decedents without downstream olfactory tract abnormalities. No brainstem MRI signal abnormality. Conclusions and Relevance: Postmortem brain MRI demonstrates hemorrhagic and PRES-related brain lesions in non-survivors of COVID-19 that might be triggered by the virus-induced endothelial disturbances. SARS-CoV-2-related olfactory impairment seems to be limited to olfactory bulbs. The absence of brainstem MRI abnormalities does not support a brain-related contribution to respiratory distress in COVID-19. Key Points: Question: Is there common brain MRI abnormalities patterns in non-survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 ? Findings: In a case series of 19 non-survivors of severe COVID-19 disease, early postmortem brain MRI demonstrated patterns evocative of intracranial vasculopathy in 4 decedents: subcortical micro- and macro-bleeds (2 decedents), cortico-subcortical edematous changes evocative of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES, one decedent), and nonspecific deep white matter changes (one decedent). Asymmetric olfactory bulbs were found in 4 other decedents but without downstream olfactory tract abnormalities. Meaning: Postmortem brain MRI demonstrates hemorrhagic and PRES-related brain lesions in non-survivors of COVID-19 that might be triggered by virus-induced endothelial disturbances.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many neurological symptoms associated with CoV-2 infection, such as stroke or altered consciousness, are consistent with underlying vasculopathy.
“Multiple immunostaining studies reveal that ACE2 protein in the human brain is predominantly or exclusively expressed in vasculature (and specifically expressed within pericytes) (52, 53, 70), and many neurological symptoms associated with CoV-2 infection like stroke or altered consciousness are consistent with an underlying vasculopathy (71-76).”
From Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia (2020) · cites this paper as [74]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244 · see citing works
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3 · Cited by 27,263 · see citing works
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969 · see citing works
Structure, function and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Walls, A. C., Park, Y.-J., Tortorici, M. A., Wall, A., McGuire, A. T., & Veesler, D. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.02.19.956581 · Cited by 8,586 · see citing works
Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China
Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Chang, J., Hong, C., Zhou, Y., Wang, D., et al. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127 · Cited by 7,166 · see citing works
Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19
Varga, Z., Flammer, A. J., Steiger, P., Haberecker, M., Andermatt, R., Zinkernagel, A. S., Mehra, M. R., Schuepbach, R. A., Ruschitzka, F., & Moch, H. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30937-5 · Cited by 6,358 · see citing works
MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging
Fazekas, F., Chawluk, J. B., Alavi, A. A., Hurtig, H. I., & Zimmerman, R. A. (1987) · American Journal of Roentgenology · doi:10.2214/ajr.149.2.351 · Cited by 5,327 · see citing works
Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Shi, S., Qin, M., Shen, B., Cai, Y., Liu, T., Yang, F., Gong, W., Liu, X., Liang, J., Zhao, Q., et al. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950 · Cited by 4,349 · see citing works
Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of acute kidney injury: a KDIGO summary (Part 1)
Kellum, J. A., Lameire, N., & for the KDIGO AKI Guideline Work Group (2013) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc11454 · Cited by 2,827 · see citing works
Taylor, F., Toh, C.-H., Hoots, K., Wada, H., & Levi, M. (2001) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1616068 · Cited by 2,285 · see citing works
Li, Y., Bai, W., & Hashikawa, T. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.25728 · Cited by 2,266 · see citing works
Large-Vessel Stroke as a Presenting Feature of Covid-19 in the Young
Oxley, T. J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Kellner, C. P., Shoirah, H., Singh, I. P., Leacy, R. A. D., Shigematsu, T., Ladner, T. R., Yaeger, K., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2009787 · Cited by 2,114 · see citing works
A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2
Moriguchi, T., Harii, N., Goto, J., Harada, D., Sugawara, H., Takamino, J., Ueno, M., Sakata, H., Kondo, K., Myose, N., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062 · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Cardiac Involvement in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Inciardi, R. M., Lupi, L., Zaccone, G., Italia, L., Raffo, M., Tomasoni, D., Cani, D., Cerini, M., Farina, D., Gavazzi, E., et al. (2020) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1096 · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications
Wardlaw, J. M., Smith, C., & Dichgans, M. (2019) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30079-1 · Cited by 1,777 · see citing works
COVID-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features
Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., & Griffith, B. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201187 · Cited by 1,505 · see citing works
Du, R.-H., Liang, L.-R., Yang, C.-Q., Wang, W., Cao, T.-Z., Li, M., Guo, G.-Y., Du, J., Zheng, C.-L., Zhu, Q., et al. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00524-2020 · Cited by 1,452 · see citing works
Fugate, J. E., & Rabinstein, A. A. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00111-8 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, and total MRI brain small-vessel disease burden
Staals, J., Makin, S., Doubal, F., Dennis, M. S., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000837 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works
Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease
Doubal, F. N., MacLullich, A. M. J., Ferguson, K. J., Dennis, M. S., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.564914 · Cited by 904 · see citing works
Alterations in Smell or Taste in Mildly Symptomatic Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Spinato, G., Fabbris, C., Polesel, J., Cazzador, D., Borsetto, D., Hopkins, C., & Boscolo-Rizzo, P. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.6771 · Cited by 698 · see citing works
Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19
Guan, W., Liang, W., He, J.-X., & Zhong, N. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.01227-2020 · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema
Stokum, J. A., Gerzanich, V., & Simard, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x15617172 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Diagnosis of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Greenberg, S. M., & Charidimou, A. (2018) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.117.016990 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19
Ye, M., Ren, Y., & Lv, T. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.017 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Enlarged perivascular spaces are associated with cognitive function in healthy elderly men
MacLullich, A. M. J. (2004) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.030858 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Caceres, J., & Goldstein, J. N. (2012) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2012.06.003 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in the brain: properties and future directions
Xia, H., & Lazartigues, E. D. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05723.x · Cited by 321 · see citing works
MRI-visible perivascular spaces in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive arteriopathy
Charidimou, A., Boulouis, G., Pasi, M., Auriel, E., van Etten, E. S., Haley, K. E., Ayres, A. M., Schwab, K. M., Martínez‐Ramírez, S., Goldstein, J. N., et al. (2017) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003746 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
COVID-19 and intracerebral haemorrhage: causative or coincidental?
Razavi, A. S., Karimi, N., & Rouhani, N. (2020) · New Microbes and New Infections · doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100669 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019‐nCoV pneumonia
Lillicrap, D. (2020) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.14781 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Brain MRI Findings in Patients in the Intensive Care Unit with COVID-19 Infection
Kandemirli, S. G., Dogan, L., Sarikaya, Z. T., Kara, S., Akinci, C., Kaya, D., Kaya, Y., Yildirim, D., Tuzuner, F., Yildirim, M. S., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020201697 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Brain injury during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Luyt, C. E., Bréchot, N., Demondion, P., Jovanovic, T., Hékimian, G., Lebreton, G., Nieszkowska, A., Schmidt, M., Trouillet, J., Leprince, P. N., et al. (2016) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-016-4318-3 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Detected in Cerebrospinal Fluid by PCR in a Case of COVID-19 Encephalitis
Huang, Y. H., Jiang, D., & Huang, J. T. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.012 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the Central Nervous System
Felice, F. G. D., Tovar-Moll, F. F., Moll, J., Munoz, D. P., & Ferreira, S. T. (2020) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.004 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Henrion, J. (2011) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02655.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Clinical Features and Outcome
Hinduja, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00071 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Using visual rating to diagnose dementia: a critical evaluation of MRI atrophy scales
Harper, L., Barkhof, F., Fox, N. C., & Schott, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-310090 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Olfactory Bulb Magnetic Resonance Imaging in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Anosmia: The First Report
Karimi‐Galougahi, M., Ghorbani, J., Karam, M. B., Naeini, A. S., & Haseli, S. (2020) · Academic Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.002 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Temperature dependence of proton relaxation times in vitro
Nelson, T. R., & Tung, S. M. (1987) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/0730-725x(87)90020-8 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Prevalence and mechanisms of cortical superficial siderosis in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Charidimou, A., Jäger, H. R., Fox, Z. V., Peeters, A. P., Vandermeeren, Y., Laloux, P., Baron, J., & Werring, D. J. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a08f2c · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Modern post-mortem imaging: an update on recent developments
Grabherr, S., Egger, C., Vilarino, R., Campana, L., Jotterand, M., & Dédouit, F. (2017) · Forensic Sciences Research · doi:10.1080/20961790.2017.1330738 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Transient cortical blindness in COVID-19 pneumonia; a PRES-like syndrome: Case report
Kaya, Y., Kara, S., Akıncı, C., & Kocaman, A. S. (2020) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.116858 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Characteristic signal intensity changes on postmortem magnetic resonance imaging of the brain
Kobayashi, T., Shiotani, S., Kaga, K., Saito, H., Saotome, K., Miyamoto, K., Kohno, M., Kikuchi, K., Hayakawa, H., & Homma, K. (2010) · Japanese Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1007/s11604-009-0373-9 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Imaging cadavers: Cold FLAIR and noninvasive brain thermometry using CSF diffusion
Tofts, P. S., Jackson, J. S., Tozer, D. J., Cercignani, M., Keir, G., MacManus, D. G., Ridgway, G. R., Ridha, B. H., Schmierer, K., Siddique, D., et al. (2007) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21456 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Total-body CT and MR features of postmortem change in in-hospital deaths
Wagensveld, I. M., Blokker, B. M., Wielopolski, P. A., Renken, N. S., Krestin, G. P., Hunink, M. G. M., Oosterhuis, J. W., & Weustink, A. C. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185115 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Diffuse Cerebral Microbleeds after Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
Guennec, L. L., Bertrand, A., Laurent, C., Rozé, H., Chastre, J. E., Combes, A., & Luyt, C. E. (2015) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201411-2118le · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ng, S. E., Low, A. M. S., Tang, K. K., Chan, Y. H., & Kwok, R. K. (2009) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.21865 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Offiah, C. E., & Dean, J. (2015) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20150851 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Temperature dependence of postmortem MR quantification for soft tissue discrimination
Zech, W., Schwendener, N., Persson, A., Warntjes, M. J. B., & Jackowski, C. (2015) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-015-3588-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2
Yang, H., Zhang, Y., Yang, M., & Huang, X. (2020) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.02439-2020 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation – The Hemorrhagic Hurricane and the Cytokine Storm
Lucas, A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical & Experimental Cardiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9880.1000e127 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brann, D. H., Tsukahara, T., Weinreb, C., Lipovsek, M., Van den Berge, K., Gong, B., Chance, R., Macaulay, I. C., Chou, H.-J., Fletcher, R. B., et al. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc5801 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain
Song, E., Zhang, C., Israelow, B., Lu-Culligan, A., Prado, A. V., Skriabine, S., Lu, P., Weizman, O.-E., Liu, F., Dai, Y., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.25.169946 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Effects of COVID-19 on the Nervous System
Iadecola, C., Anrather, J., & Kamel, H. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.028 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
SARS‐CoV‐2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids
Ramani, A., Müller, L., Ostermann, P. N., Gabriel, E., Abida‐Islam, P., Müller‐Schiffmann, A., Mariappan, A., Goureau, O., Gruell, H., Walker, A., et al. (2020) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2020106230 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
COVID ‐19: A Global Threat to the Nervous System
Koralnik, I. J., & Tyler, K. L. (2020) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25807 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Lifting the mask on neurological manifestations of COVID-19
Pezzini, A., & Padovani, A. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0398-3 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
COVID-19 and the Chemical Senses: Supporting Players Take Center Stage
Cooper, K. W., Brann, D. H., Farruggia, M. C., Bhutani, S., Pellegrino, R., Tsukahara, T., Weinreb, C., Joseph, P. V., Larson, E. D., Parma, V., et al. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.032 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Wang, Q., Davis, P. B., Gurney, M. E., & Xu, R. (2021) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12296 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Cognitive impact of COVID-19: looking beyond the short term
Miners, J. S., Kehoe, P. G., & Love, S. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00744-w · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Sharifian, M., Huot, P., Osherov, M., Wen, D., Saveriano, A., Giacomini, P. S., Antel, J. P., & Mowla, A. (2020) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2020.117085 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
On the whereabouts of SARS-CoV-2 in the human body: A systematic review
Trypsteen, W., Cleemput, J. V., van Snippenberg, W., Gerlo, S., & Vandekerckhove, L. (2020) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009037 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Alonso-Lana, S., Marquié, M., Ruiz, A., & Boada, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.588872 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
de Erausquin, G. A., Snyder, H. M., Carrillo, M. C., Hosseini, A. A., Brugha, T. S., & Seshadri, S. S. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12255 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Post-viral effects of COVID-19 in the olfactory system and their implications
Xydakis, M. S., Albers, M. W., Holbrook, E. H., Lyon, D. M., Shih, R., Frasnelli, J., Pagenstecher, A., Kupke, A., Enquist, L. W., & Perlman, S. M. (2021) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00182-4 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People with Parkinson’s Disease
Brown, E. G., Chahine, L. M., Goldman, S. M., Korell, M., Mann, E., Kinel, D. R., Arnedo, V., Marek, K. L., & Tanner, C. M. (2020) · Journal of Parkinson's Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-202249 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationChougar, L., Shor, N., Weiss, N., Damien Galanaud, E., Leclercq, D., Mathon, B., Belkacem, S., Ströer, S., Burrel, S., Boutolleau, D., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020202422 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Neuropathobiology of COVID-19: The Role for Glia
Tremblay, M.-E., Madore, C., Bordeleau, M., Tian, L., & Verkhratsky, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.592214 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Yan, Z., Yang, M., & Lai, C. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9080966 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Tunneling nanotubes provide a route for SARS-CoV-2 spreading
Pepe, A., Pietropaoli, S., Vos, M. R. J., Spaeth, G. B., & Zurzolo, C. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo0171 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 and nervous system: From pathogenesis to clinical manifestation
Keyhanian, K., Umeton, R. P., Mohit, B., Davoudi, V., Hajighasemi, F., & Ghasemi, M. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577436 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Baig, A. M., & Sanders, E. C. (2020) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26105 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in Covid-19: A Review
Garg, R. K. (2020) · Neurology India · doi:10.4103/0028-3886.289000 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Klironomos, S., Tzortzakakis, A., Kits, A., Öhberg, C., Kollia, E., Ahoromazdae, A., Almqvist, H., Aspelin, Å., Martin, H., Ouellette, R., et al. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020202791 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Siow, I., Lee, K. S., Zhang, J. J. Y., Saffari, S. E., Ng, A., & Young, B. (2021) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105549 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Alzheimer’s Disease
Ciaccio, M., Sasso, B. L., Scazzone, C., Gambino, C. M., Ciaccio, A. M., Bivona, G., Piccoli, T., Giglio, R. V., & Agnello, L. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11030305 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies
Barbosa‐Silva, M. C., Lima, M. N., Battaglini, D., Robba, C., Pelosi, P. P., Rocco, P. R. M., & Maron‐Gutierrez, T. (2021) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03659-6 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Vonck, K. E. J., Garrez, I., Herdt, V. D., Hemelsoet, D., Laureys, G., Raedt, R., & Boon, P. (2020) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14329 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Dissemination Through Peripheral Nerves Explains Multiple Organ Injury
Fenrich, M., Mrdenovic, S., Balog, M., Tomic, S., Zjalic, M., Roncevic, A., Mandic, D., Debeljak, Z., & Heffer, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00229 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Vasculopathy and Coagulopathy Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Labò, N., Ohnuki, H., & Tosato, G. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9071583 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus infections – a systematic review
Almqvist, J., Granberg, T., Tzortzakakis, A., Klironomos, S., Kollia, E., Öhberg, C., Martinꝉ, R., Piehl, F., Ouellette, R., & Ineichen, B. V. (2020) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.51166 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Yang, T., Yan, Z., Li, X., & Lau, E. H. Y. (2022) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-022-01862-3 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Hawkins, M., Sockalingam, S., Bonato, S., Rajaratnam, T., Ravindran, M., Gosse, P. J., & Sheehan, K. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110350 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Johansson, A., Mohamed, M. S., Moulin, T. C., & Schiöth, H. B. (2021) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577658 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A clinical systematic review
Scoppettuolo, P., Borrelli, S., & Naeije, G. (2020) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100094 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationChoi, Y., & Lee, M. K. (2020) · European Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109393 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
COVID-19 and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Perspectives for Stroke Management
Fraiman, P. H. A., Godeiro-Junior, C. D. O., Moro, E., Cavallieri, F., & Zedde, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.574694 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Veleri, S. (2021) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06244-z · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Is 'happy hypoxia' in COVID-19 a disorder of autonomic interoception? A hypothesis
González‐Duarte, A., & Norcliffe‐Kaufmann, L. (2020) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-020-00715-z · Cited by 72 · see citing works
COVID‐19: Neuroimaging Features of a Pandemic
Ladopoulos, T., Zand, R., Shahjouei, S., Chang, J. J., Motte, J., James, J. C., Katsanos, A. H., Kerro, A., Farahmand, G., Far, A. V., et al. (2021) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.12819 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Elucidating the Neuropathologic Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Pacheco‐Herrero, M., Soto-Rojas, L. O., Harrington, C. R., Flores-Martinez, Y. M., Villegas-Rojas, M. M., León-Aguilar, A. M., Martínez-Gómez, P. A., Campa-Córdoba, B. B., Apátiga-Pérez, R., Corniel-Taveras, C. N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.660087 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in COVID-19 patients with sudden loss of smell
Niesen, M., Trotta, N., Noel, A., Coolen, T., Fayad, G., Leurkin-Sterk, G., Delpierre, I., Henrard, S., Sadeghi, N., Goffard, J., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-020-05154-6 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain imaging in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review
Najt, P., Richards, H. L., & Fortune, D. G. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100290 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Brain fog as a Long-term Sequela of COVID-19
Nouraeinejad, A. (2022) · SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s42399-022-01352-5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Battaglini, D., Brunetti, I., Anania, P., Fiaschi, P., Zona, G., Ball, L., Giacobbe, D. R., Vena, A., Bassetti, M., Patroniti, N. A., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00845 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Widespread white matter oedema in subacute COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms
Rau, A., Schroeter, N., Blazhenets, G., Dreßing, A., Walter, L. I., Kellner, E., Bormann, T., Mast, H., Wagner, D., Urbach, H., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac045 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Han, Y., Yuan, K., Wang, Z., Liu, W., Lu, Z.-A., Liu, L., Shi, L., Yan, W., Yuan, J., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01629-8 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mesci, P., de Souza, J. S., Martin‐Sancho, L., Macia, Á., Saleh, A., Yin, X., Snethlage, C. E., Adams, J. W., Avansini, S. H., Herai, R. H., et al. (2022) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001845 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
COVID-19-related intracranial imaging findings: a large single-centre experience
Sawlani, V., Scotton, S., Nader, K., Jen, J. P., Patel, M. D., Gokani, K., Denno, P. O., Thaller, M., Englezou, C., Janjua, U., et al. (2020) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2020.09.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019: exploring past to understand present
Desai, I., Manchanda, R., Kumar, N., Tiwari, A., & Kumar, M. (2021) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04964-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gordon, M. N., Heneka, M. T., Page, L. M. L., Limberger, C., Morgan, D., Tenner, A. J., Terrando, N., Willette, A. A., & Willette, S. A. (2021) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12488 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The COVID-19 pandemic and Alzheimer’s disease: mutual risks and mechanisms
Chen, F., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Ke, Q., & Cui, L. (2022) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-022-00316-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Neurobiology of COVID-19: how can the virus affect the brain?
Generoso, J. S., de Quevedo, J. L. B., Cattani, M., Lodetti, B. F., Sousa, L., Collodel, A., Díaz, A. P., & Dal‐Pizzol, F. (2021) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1488 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Karnik, M., Beeraka, N. M., Uthaiah, C. A., Nataraj, S. M., Bettadapura, A. D. S., Aliev, G. M., & Madhunapantula, S. V. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02399-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Coping with Dementia in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ryoo, N., Pyun, J., Baek, M. J., Suh, J., Kang, M. J., Wang, M. J., Youn, Y. C., Yang, D. W., Kim, S. Y., Park, Y. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e383 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Lechien, J. R., Chiesa-Estomba, C. M., Vaira, L. A., RIU, G. D., Cammaroto, G., Chekkoury‐Idrissi, Y., Circiu, M. P., Distinguin, L., Journé, F., de Terwangne, C., et al. (2021) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-020-06548-w · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Borah, P., Deb, P. K., Chandrasekaran, B., Goyal, M., Bansal, M., Hussain, S., Shinu, P., Venugopala, K. N., Al‐Shar’i, N. A., Deka, S., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.627723 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Anand, P., Lau, K. H. V., Chung, D. Y., Virmani, D., Cervantes-Arslanian, A. M., Mian, A. Z., & Takahashi, C. E. (2020) · Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105212 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Burster, T., Traut, R., Yermekkyzy, Z., Mayer, K., Westhoff, M., Bischof, J., & Knippschild, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.695325 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Dolatshahi, M., Sabahi, M., & Aarabi, M. H. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-02236-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Depressive and Neurocognitive Disorders in the Context of the Inflammatory Background of COVID-19
Dąbrowska, E., Galińska-Skok, B., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11101056 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
COVID-19: systemic pathology and its implications for therapy
Shen, Q., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Guo, S., Wang, Q., An, X., & Chang, H. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.7150/ijbs.65911 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Serrano, G. E., Walker, J. E., Tremblay, C., Piras, I. S., Huentelman, M. J., Belden, C. M., Goldfarb, D., Shprecher, D., Atri, A., Adler, C. H., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlac056 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
A case report of simultaneous autoimmune and COVID-19 encephalitis
Allahyari, F., Hosseinzadeh, R., Nejad, J. H., Heiat, M., & Ranjbar, R. (2021) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-021-00978-w · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Neuroinvasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 may play a role in the breakdown of the respiratory center of the brain
Dey, J., Alam, M. T., Chandra, S., Gupta, J., Ray, U., Srivastava, A. K., & Tripathi, P. P. (2021) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.26521 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Stoian, A., Stoian, M., Bajkó, Z., Maier, S., Andone, S. R., Cioflinc, R. A., Moțățăianu, A., Bărcuţean, L., & Bălașa, R. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10040774 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Computing the Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on Respiration Regulatory Mechanisms in COVID-19
Baig, A. M. (2020) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00349 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
COVID-19 as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease
Golzari-Sorkheh, M., Weaver, D. F., & Reed, M. A. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220800 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cognitive Assessment in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Systematic Review
Biagianti, B., Di Liberto, A., Nicolò Edoardo, A., Lisi, I., Nobilia, L., de Ferrabonc, G. D., Zanier, E. R., Stocchetti, N., & Brambilla, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.909661 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Alenazy, M. F., Aljohar, H. I., Alruwaili, A. R., Daghestani, M. H., Alonazi, M. A., Labban, R. S. M., El‐Ansary, A. K., & Balto, H. A. G. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12100912 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Brimson, J. M., Prasanth, M. I., Malar, D. S., Brimson, S. J., Thitilertdecha, P., & Tencomnao, T. (2021) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2021.1952987 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
New insights into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Carvajal, J. J., García-Castillo, V., Cuellar, S. V., Campillay-Véliz, C. P., Salazar‐Ardiles, C., Avellaneda, A. M., Muñoz, C. A., Retamal-Díaz, A. R., Bueno, S. M., González, P. A., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1363572 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
De Novo Movement Disorders and COVID ‐19: Exploring the Interface
Ghosh, R., Biswas, U., Roy, D., Pandit, A., Lahiri, D., Ray, B. K., & Benito‐León, J. (2021) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.13224 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Neuropathogenesis, Deterioration of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Dementia
Radhakrishnan, R. K., & Kandasamy, M. (2022) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/15333175221078418 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Neurological sequela and disruption of neuron-glia homeostasis in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Savelieff, M. G., Feldman, E. L., & Stino, A. M. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105715 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lechien, J. R., Chiesa-Estomba, C. M., Vaira, L. A., RIU, G. D., Cammaroto, G., Chekkoury‐Idrissi, Y., Circiu, M. P., Distinguin, L., Journé, F., de Terwangne, C., et al. (2021) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-021-06656-1 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A comprehensive review of imaging findings in COVID-19 - status in early 2021
Afshar‐Oromieh, A., Prosch, H., Schaefer‐Prokop, C. M., Bohn, K. P., Alberts, I., Mingels, C., Thurnher, M. M., Cumming, P. D., Shi, K., Peters, A. A., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-021-05375-3 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Martin, M. D. G. M., Paes, V. R., Cardoso, E. F., Neto, C. E. B. P., Kanamura, C. T., Leite, C. D. C., Otaduy, M. C. G., Monteiro, R. A. D. A., Mauad, T., da Silva, L. F. F., et al. (2022) · Insights into Imaging · doi:10.1186/s13244-021-01144-w · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Villa, C., Rivellini, E., Lavitrano, M., & Combi, R. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12010029 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Astrocytes and the Psychiatric Sequelae of COVID-19: What We Learned from the Pandemic
Steardo, L., Steardo, L., & Scuderi, C. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03709-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Effects of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors on Neurogenesis
Jiang, M. H., Jang, S. E., & Zeng, L. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12091285 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Update on Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2
Valiuddin, H., Kalajdzic, A., Rosati, J., Boehm, K. M., & Hill, D. (2020) · Western Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.5811/westjem.2020.8.48839 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
COVID-19: a new emerging respiratory disease from the neurological perspective
El-Sayed, A., Aleya, L., & Kamel, M. S. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12969-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Covid-19 interface with drug misuse and substance use disorders
Cisneros, I. E., & Cunningham, K. A. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108766 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
de Mello, A. J., Moretti, M., & Rodrigues, A. L. S. (2022) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v12.i7.874 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The unfolding palette of COVID-19 multisystemic syndrome and its neurological manifestations
Barrantes, F. J. (2021) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100251 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hixon, A. M., Thaker, A. A., & Pelak, V. S. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.14965 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
New insights into the neurological effects of COVID-19
Wood, H. B. (2020) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/s41582-020-0386-7 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The wide spectrum of COVID-19 neuropsychiatric complications within a multidisciplinary centre
Delorme, C., Houot, M., Rosso, C., Carvalho, S., Nédelec, T., Maatoug, R., Pitron, V., Gassama, S., Sambin, S., Bombois, S., et al. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab135 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ong, I. Z., Kolson, D. L., & Schindler, M. K. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020377 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Matsuishi, Y., Mathis, B. J., Shimojo, N., Subrina, J., Okubo, N., & Inoue, Y. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9030279 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cerebral small vessel disease pathology in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review
Owens, C. D., Pinto, C. B., Detwiler, S., Mukli, P., Péterfi, A., Szarvas, Z., Hoffmeister, J. R., Galindo, J., Noori, J., Kirkpatrick, A. C., et al. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101962 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mechanisms of COVID‐19‐associated olfactory dysfunction
Chang, K., Zaikos, T. D., Kilner‐Pontone, N., & Ho, C. (2024) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12960 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Post‐Hypoxic Myoclonus after COVID ‐19 Infection Recovery
Ros‐Castelló, V., Quereda, C., López-Sendón, J. L., & Corral, Í. (2020) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.13025 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Susceptibility of neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Bielarz, V., Willemart, K., Avalosse, N., Swert, K. D., Lotfi, R., Lejeune, N., Poulain, F., Ninane, N., Gilloteaux, J., Gillet, N. A., et al. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147344 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Stroke in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Pictorial Overview of the Pathoetiology
Neshin, S. A. S., Shahjouei, S., Koza, E., Friedenberg, I., Khodadadi, F., Sabra, M., Kobeissy, F. H., Ansari, S., Tsivgoulis, G. K., Li, J., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.649922 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Carod-Artal, F. J., & García-Moncó, J. (2021) · Neurology Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.neurop.2021.07.005 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Septyaningtrias, D. E., & Susilowati, R. (2021) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro-2020-0092 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Association of consciousness impairment and mortality in people with COVID‐19
Xiong, W., Lu, L., Zhang, B., Luo, J., Li, W., He, L., Sander, J. W. A. S., Mu, J., Zhu, C., & Zhou, D. (2021) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/ane.13471 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Qureshi, A. I., Baskett, W. I., Huang, W., Naqvi, S. H., & Shyu, C.-R. (2022) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofac115 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Post-COVID-19 memory complaints: Prevalence and associated factors
Ahmed, M. N., Roy, S., Iktidar, M. A., Chowdhury, S., Akter, S., Islam, A. M. K., & Hawlader, M. D. H. (2022) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2022.03.007 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Coolen, T., Lolli, V., Sadeghi, N., Rovaï, A., Trotta, N., Taccone, F. S., Creteur, J., Henrard, S., Goffard, J.-C., De Witte, O., Naeije, G., Goldman, S., & De Tiège, X.
- Affiliations
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- Erasmus Hospital (BE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurology
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-05-08
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- e2016-e2027
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3035385080
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 53
- FWCI
- 24.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fonds Erasme
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Neurological Complications and Syndromes
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, non-survivors, neuroinvasiveness, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, olfactory dysfunction, brainstem MRI, respiratory distress, structural brain abnormalities
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Brain Edema, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Olfactory Bulb, Pneumonia, Viral, Postmortem Changes, Prospective Studies, Coronavirus Infections, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome, Pandemics, White Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
