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PreprintCited by 6Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The Relative Importance of Mindfulness Facets and Their Interactions: Relations to Psychological Symptoms in Chronic Pain

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Azizi, Zahra, Jandaghi, Gholamreza, Firoozi, Manijeh, Zia-Tohidi, Ali, Ebnerasouli, Shahrokh·2021·Mindfulness
DOI 10.1101/2021.06.04.21258338

Preprint — published as 10.1007/s12671-022-01862-2 · Paper page

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Abstract

Objectives: This study had three objectives: first, to investigate the relative importance of the five mindfulness facets to negative affect (NA) among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain; second, to test the hypothesis that observing is associated with lower NA only if occurs in an accepting manner; and third, to investigate the relation between mindfulness and obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS). Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain filled the Five-Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), and the Obsessive– compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R). A latent variable was constructed to represent NA. Multiple regression analysis was conducted, and several indices of relative importance were calculated. Results: Except for Observing, all mindfulness facets had significant bivariate and unique relation with NA. Acting with Awareness was the most important predictor, followed by Nonjudging and Describing. The contribution of Nonreactivity was small. Regarding the second objective, the Observing × Nonjudging and Observing × Nonreactivity interactions were not significant. Finally, the five facets of mindfulness explained about one-half of the variance in obsession and one-fifth of the variance in compulsion. After excluding the shared variance between obsession and compulsion, mindfulness was only related to obsession. Conclusions: Except for Observing, all mindfulness facets seem to have unique contributions to psychological symptoms; among them, Acting with Awareness seems most important. Current evidence is inconsistent in supporting the moderating role of acceptance in the influence of observing. Finally, in the context of OCS, it seems that mindfulness is more related to obsession than compulsion.

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  • Among people with chronic pain, 'observing' is similar or associated with worse pain intensity, while 'nonjudgment' and 'acting with awareness' are most often associated with positive pain outcomes.

    “Among people with chronic pain, ''observing'' is simi7 or associated with worse pain intensity, 8 while ''nonjudgment'' and ''acting with awareness'' are most often associated with positive pain outcomes. 7,9”

    From Mindfulness Facets Associated with Orofacial Pain Outcomes. (2022) · cites this paper as [9]

    In the Results (p. 13), Observing was not significantly associated with negative affect, while Acting with Awareness and Nonjudging were associated with better psychological outcomes among patients with chronic pain. The study included pain intensity as a predictor of negative affect, but these passages do not establish that Observing was associated with similar or worse pain intensity, or that the other facets improved pain intensity. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Authors
Azizi, Z., Jandaghi, G., Firoozi, M., Zia-Tohidi, A., & Ebnerasouli, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Tehran (IR)
  • Shahid Beheshti University (IR)
ORCID
Venue
Mindfulness
Publisher
openRxiv
Published
2021-06-07
Volume
13
Issue
4
Pages
1054-1068
ISSN
1868-8527 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1101/2021.06.04.21258338
OpenAlex
W4221027307
Cited by
6
References
85
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
1.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Mindfulness (publishedVersion)
  • medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
mindfulness facets, chronic pain, negative affect, observation, acceptance, acting with awareness, non-judgment, non-reactivity, description, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, obsession, compulsive behavior, musculoskeletal pain, psychological symptoms

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