Primary Cilia and Mammalian Hedgehog Signaling
Open accessAbstract
It has been a decade since it was discovered that primary cilia have an essential role in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in mammals. This discovery came from screens in the mouse that identified a set of genes that are required for both normal Hh signaling and for the formation of primary cilia. Since then, dozens of mouse mutations have been identified that disrupt cilia in a variety of ways and have complex effects on Hedgehog signaling. Here, we summarize the genetic and developmental studies used to deduce how Hedgehog signal transduction is linked to cilia and the complex effects that perturbation of cilia structure can have on Hh signaling. We conclude by describing the current status of our understanding of the cell-type-specific regulation of ciliogenesis and how that determines the ability of cells to respond to Hedgehog ligands.
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Primary cilia coordinate neuronal pathways such as Sonic Hedgehog and Wingless-related integration site, allowing neural tube patterning, synapse formation, neuronal migration, and other functions.
“As a center for both sensory and signaling functionality, neuronal pathways like the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) and Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) are coordinated by PC, allowing for neural tube patterning, synapse formation, neuronal migration, and a host of other functions [13,14,15,16].”
From The Impact of Neurotoxin Proteins Trafficked by Primary Cilia and Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says mammalian Hedgehog signaling depends on primary cilia, and the section on intraflagellar transport describes Shh-dependent neural patterning in mouse embryos. Our copy does not establish that primary cilia coordinate Wnt signaling or enable synapse formation and neuronal migration; the only Wnt mention found is in a reference title. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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Genes and molecular pathways underpinning ciliopathies
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A highlight on Sonic hedgehog pathway
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“The Hh is used frequently for intercellular communication in development, but is entirely dependent on primary cilia [45].”
- Authors
- Bangs, F., & Anderson, K. V.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2016-11-23
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- a028175
- ISSN
- 1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5411695
- OpenAlex
- W2554199252
- Cited by
- 642
- References
- 145
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 81 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 99 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 26
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (CA008748, P30 CA008748)
- National Institutes of Health (4r37hd035455-16, CA008748)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA008748)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS044385)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R37HD035455)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Keywords
- primary cilia, Hedgehog signaling, ciliogenesis, mouse mutations, cell type-specific gene regulation, developmental genetics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cilia, Mammals, Signal Transduction, Hedgehog Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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