Cited by 45Retinal Development and DisordersGenetic and Kidney Cyst DiseasesCystic Fibrosis Research Advances

Retinal disease in ciliopathies: Recent advances with a focus on stem cell-based therapies

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Chen, Holly Yu, Welby, Emily, Li, Tiansen, Swaroop, Anand·2019·Translational Science of Rare Diseases

Abstract

Ciliopathies display extensive genetic and clinical heterogeneity, varying in severity, age of onset, disease progression and organ systems affected. Retinal involvement, as demonstrated by photoreceptor dysfunction or death, is a highly penetrant phenotype among a vast majority of ciliopathies. Photoreceptor cells possess a specialized and modified sensory cilium with membrane discs where efficient photon capture and ensuing signaling cascade initiate the visual process. Disruptions of cilia biogenesis and protein transport lead to impairment of photoreceptor function and eventually degeneration. Despite advances in elucidation of ciliogenesis and photoreceptor cilia defects, we have limited understanding of pathogenic mechanisms underlying retinal phenotype(s) observed in human ciliopathies. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based approaches offer a unique opportunity to complement studies with model organisms and examine cilia disease relevant to humans. Three-dimensional retinal organoids from iPSC lines feature laminated cytoarchitecture, apical-basal polarity and emergence of a ciliary structure, thereby permitting pathogenic modeling of human photoreceptors in vitro. Here, we review the biology of photoreceptor cilia and associated defects and discuss recent progress in evolving treatment modalities, especially using patient-derived iPSCs, for retinal ciliopathies.

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  • A rare form of recessive inherited retinal dystrophy is attributed to variants in CFAP20.

    “Here, we attribute a rare form of recessive inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD; a classic non-motile ciliopathy10,65,66) to variants in CFAP20, which encodes a remarkably conserved protein with well-established roles in motile cilia from diverse organisms15–18.”

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [9]Quinlan R.J., Tobin J.L. and Beales P.L., Modeling ciliopathies: Primary cilia in development and disease, Curr Topics Dev Biol 84 (2008), 249– 310. 19186246
  2. [100]Pazour G.J., et al., Chlamydomonas IFT88 and its mouse homologue, polycystic kidney disease gene tg737, are required for assembly of cilia and flagella, J Cell Biol 151(3) (2000), 709– 718. 11062270 PMC2185580

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Authors
Chen, H. Y., Welby, E., Li, T., & Swaroop, A.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Swaroop, Anand
Venue
Translational Science of Rare Diseases
Published
2019-07-04
Volume
4
Issue
1-2
Pages
97-115
ISSN
  • 2214-6490 (ISSN-L)
  • 2214-6512
OpenAlex
W2953550035
Cited by
44
References
185
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1
FWCI
1.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Translational Science of Rare Diseases (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Eye Institute (EY000450, EY000474)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Keywords
ciliopathies, retinal disease, photoreceptor cilia, photoreceptor degeneration, ciliogenesis, induced pluripotent stem cells, retinal organoids, stem cell therapy, ciliary defects, pathophysiological mechanisms

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