The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brillouin amplification supports1×10−20uncertainty in optical frequency transfer over 1400 km of underground fiber
Open accessAbstract
Optical frequency transfer with record-high accuracy ($1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{-20}$ uncertainty) is realized over a 1400km loop of underground fiber between Braunschweig and Strasbourg, which enables reliable comparison of state-of-the-art atomic clocks that are accurate enough to detect changes in the fabric of space-time.
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“The evaluation factors of optical fiber frequency transmission systems are usually 1-s stability, the system noise floor, and the time to reach the system noise floor [33,44].”
From Performance Evaluation and Requirement Analysis for Chronometric Leveling with High-Accuracy Optical Clocks (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At present, the gravitational redshift effect has been tested at the order of 10 -21 in the laboratory, and the optical fiber frequency transmission technique could basically meet the demand for clock comparison [20,21,33,53].”
From Performance Evaluation and Requirement Analysis for Chronometric Leveling with High-Accuracy Optical Clocks (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The fi ber links can achieve stability better than 10 -19 over about 1,400 km (Raupach et al., 2015).”
From Time transfer and significance of vertical land motion in relativistic geodesy applications: a review paper (2023) · cites this paper as Raupach et al., 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Millimeter/ submillimeter level of accuracy (order of 10 -19 and 10 -20 ) is claimed in Raupach and Grosche, (2014); Raupach et al. (2015) for the stability of the optical frequency time transfer.”
From Time transfer and significance of vertical land motion in relativistic geodesy applications: a review paper (2023) · cites this paper as Raupach et al. (2015)
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In the citing paper
“The instability is limited by the transportable clock Sr2, whereas that of Sr1 is about an order of magnitude lower [33].”
From Long-distance chronometric leveling with a portable optical clock (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Citations
Cites
An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10−18 level
Bloom, B. J., Nicholson, T. L., Williams, J. R., Campbell, S. L., Bishof, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, W., Bromley, S. L., & Ye, J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12941 · Cited by 1,073
Chou, C. W., Hume, D. B., Rosenband, T., & Wineland, D. J. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1192720 · Cited by 828
An Atomic Clock with 10 –18 Instability
Hinkley, N., Sherman, J. A., Phillips, N. B., Schioppo, M., Lemke, N. D., Beloy, K., Pizzocaro, M., Oates, C. W., & Ludlow, A. D. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240420 · Cited by 817
Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2 × 10−18 total uncertainty
Nicholson, T. L., Campbell, S. L., Hutson, R. B., Marti, G. E., Bloom, B. J., McNally, R. L., Zhang, W., Barrett, M. D., Safronova, M. S., Strouse, G. F., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms7896 · Cited by 780
Cryogenic optical lattice clocks
Ushijima, I., Takamoto, M., Das, M., Ohkubo, T., & Katori, H. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.5 · Cited by 627
Handbook of frequency stability analysis
Riley, W. J., & Riley, W. J. (2008) · doi:10.6028/nist.sp.1065 · Cited by 586
A 920-Kilometer Optical Fiber Link for Frequency Metrology at the 19th Decimal Place
Predehl, K., Grosche, G., Raupach, S. M. F., Droste, S., Terra, O., Alnis, J., Legero, T., Hänsch, T. W., Udem, T., Holzwarth, R., et al. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1218442 · Cited by 543
Self-citationHigh-stability transfer of an optical frequency over long fiber-optic links
Williams, P. A., Swann, W. C., & Newbury, N. R. (2008) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.25.001284 · Cited by 386
Optical-Frequency Transfer over a Single-Span 1840 km Fiber Link
Droste, S., Ozimek, F., Udem, T., Predehl, K., Hänsch, T. W., Schnatz, H., Grosche, G., & Holzwarth, R. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.110801 · Cited by 315
Self-citationConsiderations on the measurement of the stability of oscillators with frequency counters
Dawkins, S. T., McFerran, J. J., & Luiten, A. N. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control · doi:10.1109/tuffc.2007.337 · Cited by 221
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- P. Delva, 2013, Acta Futura, 7, 67
- S. M. F. Raupach, Proceedings of the 2013 Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum, Prague, 2013
- G. Kramer, Proceedings of the 18th European Frequency and Time Forum, Guildford, 2004
Cited by
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Items 101–101 of 101
Metadata
- Authors
- Raupach, S. M. F., Koczwara, A., & Grosche, G.
- Affiliations
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2015-08-24
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W2286251822
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Association of National Metrology Institutes
- European Commission
- Université de Strasbourg
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
- Keywords
- optical frequency transfer, Brillouin amplification, atomic clock comparison, frequency stability, long-haul optical links
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