The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brillouin amplification supports1×10−20uncertainty in optical frequency transfer over 1400 km of underground fiber
Open accessAbstract
Optical frequency transfer with record-high accuracy ($1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{-20}$ uncertainty) is realized over a 1400km loop of underground fiber between Braunschweig and Strasbourg, which enables reliable comparison of state-of-the-art atomic clocks that are accurate enough to detect changes in the fabric of space-time.
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“The evaluation factors of optical fiber frequency transmission systems are usually 1-s stability, the system noise floor, and the time to reach the system noise floor [33,44].”
From Performance Evaluation and Requirement Analysis for Chronometric Leveling with High-Accuracy Optical Clocks (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“At present, the gravitational redshift effect has been tested at the order of 10 -21 in the laboratory, and the optical fiber frequency transmission technique could basically meet the demand for clock comparison [20,21,33,53].”
From Performance Evaluation and Requirement Analysis for Chronometric Leveling with High-Accuracy Optical Clocks (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The fi ber links can achieve stability better than 10 -19 over about 1,400 km (Raupach et al., 2015).”
From Time transfer and significance of vertical land motion in relativistic geodesy applications: a review paper (2023) · cites this paper as Raupach et al., 2015
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Millimeter/ submillimeter level of accuracy (order of 10 -19 and 10 -20 ) is claimed in Raupach and Grosche, (2014); Raupach et al. (2015) for the stability of the optical frequency time transfer.”
From Time transfer and significance of vertical land motion in relativistic geodesy applications: a review paper (2023) · cites this paper as Raupach et al. (2015)
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In the citing paper
“The instability is limited by the transportable clock Sr2, whereas that of Sr1 is about an order of magnitude lower [33].”
From Long-distance chronometric leveling with a portable optical clock (2024) · cites this paper as [33]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Citations
Cites
An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10−18 level
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Self-citationHigh-stability transfer of an optical frequency over long fiber-optic links
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Optical-Frequency Transfer over a Single-Span 1840 km Fiber Link
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Self-citationConsiderations on the measurement of the stability of oscillators with frequency counters
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Ultra-stable long distance optical frequency distribution using the Internet fiber network
Lopez, O., Haboucha, A., Chanteau, B., Chardonnet, C., Amy-Klein, A., & Santarelli, G. (2012) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.20.023518 · Cited by 175
High-accuracy coherent optical frequency transfer over a doubled 642-km fiber link
Calonico, D., Bertacco, E. K., Calosso, C. E., Clivati, C., Costanzo, G. A., Frittelli, M., Godone, A., Mura, A., Poli, N., Sutyrin, D. V., et al. (2014) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-014-5917-8 · Cited by 168
Simultaneous remote transfer of accurate timing and optical frequency over a public fiber network
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Frequency comparison of optical lattice clocks beyond the Dick limit
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Cascaded multiplexed optical link on a telecommunication network for frequency dissemination
Lopez, O., Haboucha, A., Kéfélian, F., Jiang, H., Chanteau, B., Roncin, V., Chardonnet, C., Amy‐Klein, A., & Santarelli, G. (2010) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.18.016849 · Cited by 143
Brillouin amplification in phase coherent transfer of optical frequencies over 480 km fiber
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Self-citationFrequency transfer via a two-way optical phase comparison on a multiplexed fiber network
Calosso, C. E., Bertacco, E., Calonico, D., Clivati, C., Costanzo, G. A., Frittelli, M., Levi, F., Mura, A., & Godone, A. (2014) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.39.001177 · Cited by 85
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Optical frequency transfer via a 660 km underground fiber link using a remote Brillouin amplifier
Raupach, S. M. F., Koczwara, A., & Grosche, G. (2014) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.22.026537 · Cited by 48
Self-citationLee, W.-K., Yu, D.-H., Park, C. Y., & Mun, J. (2009) · Metrologia · doi:10.1088/0026-1394/47/1/004 · Cited by 32
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- P. Delva, 2013, Acta Futura, 7, 67
- S. M. F. Raupach, Proceedings of the 2013 Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and European Frequency and Time Forum, Prague, 2013
- G. Kramer, Proceedings of the 18th European Frequency and Time Forum, Guildford, 2004
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A clock network for geodesy and fundamental science
Lisdat, C., Grosche, G., Quintin, N., Shi, C., Raupach, S. M. F., Grebing, C., Nicolodi, D., Stefani, F., Al-Masoudi, A., Dörscher, S., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12443 · Cited by 460
Self-citationRiehle, F. (2017) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.235 · Cited by 264
Mehlstäubler, T. E., Grosche, G., Lisdat, C., Schmidt, P. O., & Denker, H. (2018) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aab409 · Cited by 263
Self-citationGeopotential measurements with synchronously linked optical lattice clocks
Takano, T., Takamoto, M., Ushijima, I., Ohmae, N., Akatsuka, T., Yamaguchi, A., Kuroishi, Y., Munekane, H., Miyahara, B., & Katori, H. (2016) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2016.159 · Cited by 245
Transportable Optical Lattice Clock with 7 × 10 − 17 Uncertainty
Koller, S. B., Grotti, J., Vogt, S., Al-Masoudi, A., Dörscher, S., Häfner, S., Sterr, U., & Lisdat, C. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.073601 · Cited by 238
Metadata
- Authors
- Raupach, S. M. F., Koczwara, A., & Grosche, G.
- Affiliations
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (DE)
- Venue
- Physical Review A
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2015-08-24
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 2
- ISSN
- 0556-2791 (ISSN-L)
- 1050-2947
- 1094-1622
- OpenAlex
- W2286251822
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 3.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review A (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Association of National Metrology Institutes
- European Commission
- Université de Strasbourg
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
- Keywords
- optical frequency transfer, Brillouin amplification, atomic clock comparison, frequency stability, long-haul optical links
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