High-Fidelity Preparation, Gates, Memory, and Readout of a Trapped-Ion Quantum Bit
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We implement all single-qubit operations with fidelities significantly above the minimum threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computing, using a trapped-ion qubit stored in hyperfine "atomic clock" states of ^{43}Ca^{+}. We measure a combined qubit state preparation and single-shot readout fidelity of 99.93%, a memory coherence time of T_{2}^{*}=50 sec, and an average single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.9999%. These results are achieved in a room-temperature microfabricated surface trap, without the use of magnetic field shielding or dynamic decoupling techniques to overcome technical noise.
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Trapped-ion processors have the least prone error to quantum gates, with single-qubit gate errors of one part at 10^6 and two-qubit gate errors of 0.1%.
“Currently, the least prone error to quantum gates has been found in trapped-ion processors, with single-qubit gate errors of one part at 10 6 and two-qubit gate errors of 0.1% [29, 30].”
From Quantum Computing in the Next-Generation Computational Biology Landscape: From Protein Folding to Molecular Dynamics (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
The randomized-benchmarking results (p. 4) report a trapped-ion single-qubit error of 1.0(3) × 10⁻⁶, and the conclusion (p. 4) says its gate fidelity surpassed measurements in other single physical qubits. The conclusion reports two-qubit gate fidelity only as greater than 99% in separate experiments; it does not establish the claimed 0.1% two-qubit error. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe least error-prone gates to date have been reported in a trapped ion processor, with error rates of one part in 10^6 for single-qubit gates and errors of 0.1% for two-qubit gates.
“The least error-prone gates to date have been reported in a trapped ion processor, with error rates of one part in 10 6 for single-qubit gates and errors of 0.1% for two-qubit gates [46,49].”
From The prospects of quantum computing in computational molecular biology (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Harty, T. P., Allcock, D. T. C., Ballance, C. J., Guidoni, L., Janacek, H. A., Linke, N. M., Stacey, D. N., & Lucas, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Venue
- Physical Review Letters
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Published
- 2014-11-24
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 220501-220501
- ISSN
- 0031-9007 (ISSN-L)
- 1079-7114
- OpenAlex
- W1978552568
- Cited by
- 632
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 52 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 41.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Physical Review Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Keywords
- trapped-ion qubits, single-qubit gate fidelity, state preparation and measurement, single-shot measurement, calcium-43, surface traps, fault-tolerant quantum computing, technical noise
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