The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
S4L: Self-Supervised Semi-Supervised Learning
Open accessAbstract
This work tackles the problem of semi-supervised learning of image classifiers. Our main insight is that the field of semi-supervised learning can benefit from the quickly advancing field of self-supervised visual representation learning. Unifying these two approaches, we propose the framework of self-supervised semi-supervised learning (S4L) and use it to derive two novel semi-supervised image classification methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in comparison to both carefully tuned baselines, and existing semi-supervised learning methods. We then show that S4L and existing semi-supervised methods can be jointly trained, yielding a new state-of-the-art result on semi-supervised ILSVRC-2012 with 10% of labels.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge
Russakovsky, O., Deng, J., Su, H., Krause, J., Satheesh, S., Ma, S., Huang, Z., Karpathy, A., Khosla, A., Bernstein, M., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-015-0816-y · Cited by 39,380
The Pascal Visual Object Classes Challenge: A Retrospective
Everingham, M., Eslami, S. M. A., Van Gool, L., Williams, C. K. I., Winn, J., & Zisserman, A. (2015) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-014-0733-5 · Cited by 7,139
Improved Techniques for Training GANs
Salimans, T., Goodfellow, I., Zaremba, W., Cheung, V., Radford, A., & Chen, X. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.03498 · Cited by 6,965
Unsupervised Visual Representation Learning by Context Prediction
Doersch, C., Gupta, A., & Efros, A. A. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.167 · Cited by 2,629
Data-Efficient Image Recognition with Contrastive Predictive Coding
Hénaff, O. J., Srinivas, A., De Fauw, J., Razavi, A., Doersch, C., Eslami, S. M. A., & Oord, A. V. D. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.09272 · Cited by 1,014
Audio-Visual Scene Analysis with Self-Supervised Multisensory Features
Owens, A., & Efros, A. A. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01231-1_39 · Cited by 704
Theoretical Insights Into the Optimization Landscape of Over-Parameterized Shallow Neural Networks
Soltanolkotabi, M., Javanmard, A., & Lee, J. D. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.2018.2854560 · Cited by 356
Cited by
An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale
Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Dehghani, M., Minderer, M., Heigold, G., Gelly, S., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.11929 · Cited by 47,472
Self-citationBootstrap Your Own Latent: A New Approach to Self-Supervised Learning
Grill, J.-B., Strub, F., Altché, F., Tallec, C., Richemond, P. H., Buchatskaya, E., Doersch, C., Pires, B. A., Guo, Z. D., Azar, M. G., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.07733 · Cited by 3,846
FixMatch: Simplifying Semi-Supervised Learning with Consistency and Confidence
Sohn, K., Berthelot, D., Li, C.-L., Zhang, Z., Carlini, N., Cubuk, E. D., Kurakin, A., Zhang, H., & Raffel, C. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.07685 · Cited by 2,892
Towards a general-purpose foundation model for computational pathology
Chen, R. J., Ding, T., Lu, M. Y., Williamson, D. F. K., Jaume, G., Song, A. H., Chen, B., Zhang, A., Shao, D., Shaban, M., et al. (2024) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-024-02857-3 · Cited by 1,560
Self-Supervised Learning of Pretext-Invariant Representations
Misra, I., & van der Maaten, L. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.00674 · Cited by 1,435
Big Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning
Kolesnikov, A., Beyer, L., Zhai, X., Puigcerver, J., Yung, J., Gelly, S., & Houlsby, N. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.11370 · Cited by 1,039
Self-citationBig Transfer (BiT): General Visual Representation Learning
Kolesnikov, A., Beyer, L., Zhai, X., Puigcerver, J., Yung, J., Gelly, S., & Houlsby, N. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58558-7_29 · Cited by 1,039
Self-citationData-Efficient Image Recognition with Contrastive Predictive Coding
Hénaff, O. J., Srinivas, A., De Fauw, J., Razavi, A., Doersch, C., Eslami, S. M. A., & Oord, A. V. D. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.09272 · Cited by 1,014
Hands-On Bayesian Neural Networks—A Tutorial for Deep Learning Users
Jospin, L. V., Laga, H., Boussaid, F., Buntine, W., & Bennamoun, M. (2022) · IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine · doi:10.1109/mci.2022.3155327 · Cited by 879
Zhai, X., Kolesnikov, A., Houlsby, N., & Beyer, L. (2022) · 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr52688.2022.01179 · Cited by 891
Self-citationConViT: improving vision transformers with soft convolutional inductive biases
d’Ascoli, S., Touvron, H., Leavitt, M. L., Morcos, A. S., Biroli, G., & Sagun, L. (2022) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/ac9830 · Cited by 782
What makes for good views for contrastive learning
Tian, Y., Sun, C., Poole, B., Krishnan, D., Schmid, C., & Isola, P. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.10243 · Cited by 773
Prototypical Contrastive Learning of Unsupervised Representations
Li, J., Zhou, P., Xiong, C., & Hoi, S. C. H. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.04966 · Cited by 611
Prototype Augmentation and Self-Supervision for Incremental Learning
Zhu, F., Zhang, X.-Y., Wang, C., Yin, F., & Liu, C.-L. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00581 · Cited by 427
Qi, G.-J., & Luo, J. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2020.3031898 · Cited by 315
Wang, T., Huang, J., Zhang, H., & Sun, Q. (2020) · 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr42600.2020.01077 · Cited by 291
A Survey of Privacy Attacks in Machine Learning
Rigaki, M., & Garcia, S. (2024) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3624010 · Cited by 285
Yang, D., Xu, Z., Li, W., Myronenko, A., Roth, H. R., Harmon, S., Xu, S., Turkbey, B., Turkbey, E., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2021.101992 · Cited by 279
A Survey on Semi-, Self- and Unsupervised Learning for Image Classification
Schmarje, L., Santarossa, M., Schroder, S.-M., & Koch, R. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3084358 · Cited by 246
3D Human Action Representation Learning via Cross-View Consistency Pursuit
Li, L., Wang, M., Ni, B., Wang, H., Yang, J., & Zhang, W. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00471 · Cited by 236
“, jigsaw puzzles [35, 36, 54], colorization [63], predicting rotation [8, 59].”
BackgroundSelf-Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning for Semi-Supervised Time-Series Classification
Eldele, E., Ragab, M., Chen, Z., Wu, M., Kwoh, C.-K., Li, X., & Guan, C. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2023.3308189 · Cited by 224
Beyer, L., Hénaff, O. J., Kolesnikov, A., Zhai, X., & Oord, A. V. D. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.07159 · Cited by 176
Self-citationNaive-Student: Leveraging Semi-Supervised Learning in Video Sequences for Urban Scene Segmentation
Chen, L.-C., Lopes, R. G., Cheng, B., Collins, M. D., Cubuk, E. D., Zoph, B., Adam, H., & Shlens, J. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58545-7_40 · Cited by 165
Xu, H., Zhou, P., Tan, R., Li, M., & Shen, G. (2021) · Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems · doi:10.1145/3485730.3485937 · Cited by 150
High-Fidelity Image Generation With Fewer Labels
Lucic, M., Tschannen, M., Ritter, M., Zhai, X., Bachem, O., & Gelly, S. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.02271 · Cited by 134
Self-citationOn Robustness and Transferability of Convolutional Neural Networks
Djolonga, J., Yung, J., Tschannen, M., Romijnders, R., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Puigcerver, J., Minderer, M., D'Amour, A., Moldovan, D., et al. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.01619 · Cited by 98
Self-citationSemi-Supervised Contrastive Learning With Similarity Co-Calibration
Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Li, J., Qiu, R. C., Xu, H., & Tian, Q. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Multimedia · doi:10.1109/tmm.2022.3158069 · Cited by 67
A review on the recent applications of deep learning in predictive drug toxicological studies
Sinha, K., Ghosh, N., & Sil, P. C. (2023) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00375 · Cited by 64
Vi2CLR: Video and Image for Visual Contrastive Learning of Representation
Diba, A., Sharma, V., Safdari, R., Lotfi, D., Sarfraz, M. S., Stiefelhagen, R., & Van Gool, L. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv48922.2021.00153 · Cited by 53
Self-Supervised Wasserstein Pseudo-Labeling for Semi-Supervised Image Classification
Taherkhani, F., Dabouei, A., Soleymani, S., Dawson, J., & Nasrabadi, N. M. (2021) · 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.01209 · Cited by 45
S3C: Self-Supervised Stochastic Classifiers for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning
Kalla, J., & Biswas, S. (2022) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19806-9_25 · Cited by 45
Sense and Learn: Self-supervision for omnipresent sensors
Saeed, A., Ungureanu, V., & Gfeller, B. (2021) · Machine Learning with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2021.100152 · Cited by 34
Extending and Analyzing Self-supervised Learning Across Domains
Wallace, B., & Hariharan, B. (2020) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58574-7_43 · Cited by 35
Transferability-Guided Cross-Domain Cross-Task Transfer Learning
Tan, Y., Zhang, E., Li, Y., Huang, S.-L., & Zhang, X.-P. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3358094 · Cited by 24
“…model zoo contains 15 models trained on ImageNet [39] by various algorithms, e.g., supervised learning (Sup-100%), semi-supervised learning (Semi-rotation-10% and Semi-exemplar-10% [40]), self-supervised learning (Rotation [41] and Jigsaw [42]), generative method (Cond-biggan [43]), and VAEs [44].”
Thukral, M., Dhekane, S. G., Hiremath, S. K., Haresamudram, H., & Ploetz, T. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.12368 · Cited by 21
Low-Voltage Energy Efficient Neural Inference by Leveraging Fault Detection Techniques
Safarpour, M., Deng, T. Z., Massingham, J., Xun, L., Sabokrou, M., & Silven, O. (2021) · 2021 IEEE Nordic Circuits and Systems Conference (NorCAS) · doi:10.1109/norcas53631.2021.9599648 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhai, X., Oliver, A., Kolesnikov, A., & Beyer, L.
- Venue
- 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2019-10
- Pages
- 1476-1485
- OpenAlex
- W2946856970
- Cited by
- 750
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 42.97
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.