Motion artifact identification and removal from wearable reflectance photoplethysmography using piezoelectric transducer
Abstract
Accurate heart rate estimation from reflectance photoplethysmography (PPG) during intense physical activity is difficult given unpredictable motion artifacts (MAs). Recent research has focused on the removal of MAs in PPG signals by considering acceleration signals as noise references. However, this approach does not always effectively remove MAs, as they can be associated with other noise sources. For instance, finger or hand motion reflects upon the wrist, corrupting the PPG signals, but an accelerometer cannot capture this type of MA. Hence, we propose adding a piezoelectric transducer on the wrist to identify noise originated from finger and hand motion. We first detail the developed wearable device that simultaneously measures PPG, acceleration, and piezoelectric pressure signals from the wrist. Then, the effectiveness of piezoelectric pressure signals for MA removal is verified from PPG signals collected under finger tapping and hand folding/unfolding, and from data of 17 healthy subjects undergoing physical activity. MA removal using both acceleration and piezoelectric pressure signals exhibits a mean absolute error of 1.58 beats per minute (bpm), considerably below the error of 3.75 bpm obtained using only acceleration signals. Therefore, measuring piezoelectric pressure signals on the wrist can improve heart rate estimation by providing more information of MAs corrupting PPG signals.
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Secondary sensors can be integrated into PPG sensors to detect motion, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, piezoelectric transducers, or another wavelength of light as a motion reference.
“As implemented by consumer-grade HR monitors, secondary sensors can also be integrated into PPG sensors to detect motion. These include accelerometers [175,176,177,178,179], gyroscopes [179,180], piezoelectric transducers [181], or the utilization of another wavelength of light as a motion reference [182,183].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
Both the piezoelectric transducer and another wavelength of light can pick up finer motions such as finger tapping.
“Both the piezoelectric transducer and another wavelength of light can pick up these finer motions [181,182].”
From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [181]
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Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring
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- Authors
- Lee, H., Chung, H., Kim, J.-W., & Lee, J.
- Affiliations
- Wonkwang University (KR)
- Jeonbuk National University (KR)
- Venue
- IEEE Sensors Journal
- Published
- 2019-05-15
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3861-3870
- ISSN
- 1530-437X (ISSN-L)
- 1558-1748
- 2379-9153
- OpenAlex
- W2912981041
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Sensors Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (NRF-2016R1D1A1B03934938, NRF-2015M3A9D7067215)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Keywords
- motion artifact removal, piezoelectric pressure sensor, heart rate estimation, wearable sensors, wrist-worn sensors, physical activity monitoring
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