The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Breast Cancer Histopathology Image Analysis: A Review
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of methods that have been proposed for the analysis of breast cancer histopathology images. This research area has become particularly relevant with the advent of whole slide imaging (WSI) scanners, which can perform cost-effective and high-throughput histopathology slide digitization, and which aim at replacing the optical microscope as the primary tool used by pathologist. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancers among women, and image analysis methods that target this disease have a huge potential to reduce the workload in a typical pathology lab and to improve the quality of the interpretation. This paper is meant as an introduction for nonexperts. It starts with an overview of the tissue preparation, staining and slide digitization processes followed by a discussion of the different image processing techniques and applications, ranging from analysis of tissue staining to computer-aided diagnosis, and prognosis of breast cancer patients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ELSTON, C. W., & ELLIS, I. O. (1991) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00229.x · Cited by 6,175
Wolff, A. C., Hammond, M. E. H., Schwartz, J. N., Hagerty, K. L., Allred, D. C., Cote, R. J., Dowsett, M., Fitzgibbons, P. L., Hanna, W. M., Langer, A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.09.2775 · Cited by 4,434
Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens
Kononen, J., Bubendorf, L., Kallionimeni, A., Bärlund, M., Schraml, P., Leighton, S., Torhorst, J., Mihatsch, M. J., Sauter, G., & Kallionimeni, O.-P. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0798-844 · Cited by 4,099
Histopathological Image Analysis: A Review
Gurcan, M. N., Boucheron, L. E., Can, A., Madabhushi, A., Rajpoot, N. M., & Yener, B. (2009) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2009.2034865 · Cited by 2,052
Quantification of histochemical staining by color deconvolution.
Ruifrok, A. C. C., & Johnston, D. A. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 2,029
Dowsett, M., Nielsen, T. O., A'Hern, R., Bartlett, J., Coombes, R. C., Cuzick, J., Ellis, M., Henry, N. L., Hugh, J. C., Lively, T., et al. (2011) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djr393 · Cited by 1,977
Wolff, A. C., Hammond, M. E. H., Schwartz, J. N., Hagerty, K. L., Allred, D. C., Cote, R. J., Dowsett, M., Fitzgibbons, P. L., Hanna, W. M., Langer, A., et al. (2007) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/2007-131-18-asocco · Cited by 1,816
Mitosis Detection in Breast Cancer Histology Images with Deep Neural Networks
Cireşan, D. C., Giusti, A., Gambardella, L. M., & Schmidhuber, J. (2013) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40763-5_51 · Cited by 1,536
A method for normalizing histology slides for quantitative analysis
Macenko, M., Niethammer, M., Marron, J. S., Borland, D., Woosley, J. T., Guan, X., Schmitt, C., & Thomas, N. E. (2009) · 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro · doi:10.1109/isbi.2009.5193250 · Cited by 1,482
Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer: College of American Pathologists Consensus Statement 1999
Fitzgibbons, P. L., Page, D. L., Weaver, D., Thor, A. D., Allred, D. C., Clark, G. M., Ruby, S. G., O'Malley, F., Simpson, J. F., Connolly, J. L., et al. (2000) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/2000-124-0966-pfibc · Cited by 1,016
The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality
Bray, F., McCarron, P., & Parkin, D. M. (2004) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr932 · Cited by 1,007
Breast cancer prognostic classification in the molecular era: the role of histological grade
Rakha, E. A., Reis-Filho, J. S., Baehner, F., Dabbs, D. J., Decker, T., Eusebi, V., Fox, S. B., Ichihara, S., Jacquemier, J., Lakhani, S. R., et al. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr2607 · Cited by 1,003
Systematic Analysis of Breast Cancer Morphology Uncovers Stromal Features Associated with Survival
Beck, A. H., Sangoi, A. R., Leung, S., Marinelli, R. J., Nielsen, T. O., van de Vijver, M. J., West, R. B., van de Rijn, M., & Koller, D. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002564 · Cited by 763
Improved Automatic Detection and Segmentation of Cell Nuclei in Histopathology Images
Al-Kofahi, Y., Lassoued, W., Lee, W., & Roysam, B. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2035102 · Cited by 681
Taylor, C. R., & Levenson, R. M. (2006) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02513.x · Cited by 609
Hammond, M. E. H., Hayes, D. F., Wolff, A. C., Mangu, P. B., & Temin, S. (2010) · Journal of Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/jop.777003 · Cited by 583
Tuominen, V. J., Ruotoistenmäki, S., Viitanen, A., Jumppanen, M., & Isola, J. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr2615 · Cited by 472
Digital Imaging in Pathology: Whole-Slide Imaging and Beyond
Ghaznavi, F., Evans, A., Madabhushi, A., & Feldman, M. (2013) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011811-120902 · Cited by 459
Applying watershed algorithms to the segmentation of clustered nuclei
Malpica, N., de Solórzano, C. O., Vaquero, J. J., Santos, A., Vallcorba, I., García-Sagredo, J. M., & del Pozo, F. (1998) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19970801)28:4<289::aid-cyto3>3.0.co;2-7 · Cited by 453
Perez, E. A., Suman, V. J., Davidson, N. E., Martino, S., Kaufman, P. A., Lingle, W. L., Flynn, P. J., Ingle, J. N., Visscher, D., & Jenkins, R. B. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.03.4744 · Cited by 438
Quantitative Image Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Breast Tumors Complements Genomic Profiling
Yuan, Y., Failmezger, H., Rueda, O. M., Ali, H. R., Gräf, S., Chin, S.-F., Schwarz, R. F., Curtis, C., Dunning, M. J., Bardwell, H., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3004330 · Cited by 426
Prognostic value of proliferation in invasive breast cancer: a review: Table 1
van Diest, P. J., van der Wall, E., & Baak, J. P. A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2003.010777 · Cited by 385
Self-citationAutomatic Nuclei Segmentation in H&E Stained Breast Cancer Histopathology Images
Veta, M., van Diest, P. J., Kornegoor, R., Huisman, A., Viergever, M. A., & Pluim, J. P. W. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070221 · Cited by 369
Self-citationDigital pathology: current status and future perspectives
Al‐Janabi, S., Huisman, A., & Van Diest, P. J. (2012) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03814.x · Cited by 363
Self-citationWÄHLBY, C., SINTORN, I. ‐., ERLANDSSON, F., BORGEFORS, G., & BENGTSSON, E. (2004) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01338.x · Cited by 353
Walker, R. A. (2006) · Histopathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02514.x · Cited by 316
Automated gland and nuclei segmentation for grading of prostate and breast cancer histopathology
Naik, S., Doyle, S., Agner, S., Madabhushi, A., Feldman, M., & Tomaszewski, J. (2008) · 2008 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro · doi:10.1109/isbi.2008.4540988 · Cited by 306
Mitosis detection in breast cancer histological images An ICPR 2012 contest
Ludovic, R., Daniel, R., Nicolas, L., Maria, K., Humayun, I., Jacques, K., Frédérique, C., Catherine, G., Gilles, L. N., & Metin N, G. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.112693 · Cited by 302
Doyle, S., Agner, S., Madabhushi, A., Feldman, M., & Tomaszewski, J. (2008) · 2008 5th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro · doi:10.1109/isbi.2008.4541041 · Cited by 276
Basavanhally, A. N., Ganesan, S., Agner, S., Monaco, J. P., Feldman, M. D., Tomaszewski, J. E., Bhanot, G., & Madabhushi, A. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2009.2035305 · Cited by 267
Computational pathology: Challenges and promises for tissue analysis
Fuchs, T. J., & Buhmann, J. M. (2011) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2011.02.006 · Cited by 265
Meyer, J. S., Alvarez, C., Milikowski, C., Olson, N., Russo, I., Russo, J., Glass, A., Zehnbauer, B. A., Lister, K., & Parwaresch, R. (2005) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800388 · Cited by 262
Petushi, S., Garcia, F. U., Haber, M. M., Katsinis, C., & Tozeren, A. (2006) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/1471-2342-6-14 · Cited by 245
Ali, S., & Madabhushi, A. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2012.2190089 · Cited by 243
Detection and Segmentation of Cell Nuclei in Virtual Microscopy Images: A Minimum-Model Approach
Wienert, S., Heim, D., Saeger, K., Stenzinger, A., Beil, M., Hufnagl, P., Dietel, M., Denkert, C., & Klauschen, F. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00503 · Cited by 236
Qi, X., Xing, F., Foran, D. J., & Yang, L. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2011.2179298 · Cited by 231
Kong, H., Gurcan, M., & Belkacem-Boussaid, K. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2011.2141674 · Cited by 201
Fatakdawala, H., Xu, J., Basavanhally, A., Bhanot, G., Ganesan, S., Feldman, M., Tomaszewski, J. E., & Madabhushi, A. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2041232 · Cited by 194
Classification of mitotic figures with convolutional neural networks and seeded blob features
Malon, C. D., & Cosatto, E. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.112694 · Cited by 192
Learning to Detect Cells Using Non-overlapping Extremal Regions
Arteta, C., Lempitsky, V., Noble, J. A., & Zisserman, A. (2012) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33415-3_43 · Cited by 177
Going fully digital: Perspective of a Dutch academic pathology lab
Stathonikos, N., Veta, M., Huisman, A., & van Diest, P. J. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.114206 · Cited by 166
Self-citationIdentification of tumor epithelium and stroma in tissue microarrays using texture analysis
Linder, N., Konsti, J., Turkki, R., Rahtu, E., Lundin, M., Nordling, S., Haglund, C. H., Ahonen, T., Pietikäinen, M., & Lundin, J. E. (2012) · Diagnostic Pathology · doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-22 · Cited by 163
Grading Nuclear Pleomorphism on Histological Micrographs
Cosatto, E., Miller, M. L., Graf, H. P., & Meyer, J. S. (2008) · Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/icpr.2008.4761112 · Cited by 151
Irshad, H. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.112695 · Cited by 147
Unsupervised Segmentation of Overlapped Nuclei Using Bayesian Classification
Jung, C., Kim, C., Chae, S. W., & Oh, S. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2010.2060486 · Cited by 142
Rexhepaj, E., Brennan, D. J., Holloway, P., Kay, E. W., McCann, A. H., Landberg, G., Duffy, M. J., Jirström, K., & Gallagher, W. M. (2008) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr2187 · Cited by 137
Basavanhally, A. N., Ganesan, S., Feldman, M. D., Shih, N. N. C., Mies, C., Tomaszewski, J., & Madabhushi, A. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2245129 · Cited by 136
Gavrielides, M. A., Gallas, B. D., Lenz, P., Badano, A. G., & Hewitt, S. M. (2011) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/135.2.233 · Cited by 132
Madabhushi, A., Agner, S. C., Basavanhally, A. N., Doyle, S. T., & Lee, G. (2011) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2011.01.008 · Cited by 124
Automated Quantitative Assessment of HER-2/neu Immunohistochemical Expression in Breast Cancer
Masmoudi, H., Hewitt, S. M., Petrick, N., Myers, K. J., & Gavrielides, M. A. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2009.2012901 · Cited by 111
A gamma-gaussian mixture model for detection of mitotic cells in breast cancer histopathology images
Khan, A. M., Eldaly, H., & Rajpoot, N. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.112696 · Cited by 109
Skaland, I., Janssen, E. A. M., Gudlaugsson, E. G., Kłos, J., Kjellevold, K. H., Søiland, H., & Baak, J. P. A. (2007) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800972 · Cited by 107
Efficient nucleus detector in histopathology images
Vink, J. P., van Leeuwen, M. B., van Deurzen, C. H. M., & de Haan, G. (2012) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/jmi.12001 · Cited by 106
Automated mitosis detection using texture, SIFT features and HMAX biologically inspired approach
Irshad, H., Jalali, S., Roux, L., Racoceanu, D., Lim, J., Naour, G. L., & Capron, F. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.109870 · Cited by 98
Blind Color Decomposition of Histological Images
Gavrilovic, M., Azar, J. C., Lindblad, J., Wählby, C., Bengtsson, E. W., Busch, C., & Carlbom, I. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2013.2239655 · Cited by 95
Veta, M., Kornegoor, R., Huisman, A., Verschuur‐Maes, A. H. J., Viergever, M. A., Pluim, J. P. W., & van Diest, P. J. (2012) · Modern Pathology · doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.126 · Cited by 84
Self-citationLloyd, M. C., Allam‐Nandyala, P., Purohit, C. N., Burke, N., Coppola, D., & Bui, M. M. (2010) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.74186 · Cited by 83
Segmentation of touching cell nuclei using gradient flow tracking
Li, G., LIU, T., NIE, J., Guo, L., Chen, J., ZHU, J., Xia, W., Mara, A., Holley, S. A., & Wong, S. T. C. (2008) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02016.x · Cited by 80
Time-efficient sparse analysis of histopathological whole slide images
Huang, C.-H., Veillard, A., Roux, L., Loménie, N., & Racoceanu, D. (2010) · Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics · doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2010.11.009 · Cited by 73
Origins of ... image analysis in clinical pathology.
Meijer, G. A., Beliën, J. A. M., van Diest, P. J., & Baak, J. P. A. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.50.5.365 · Cited by 70
A high‐throughput system for segmenting nuclei using multiscale techniques
Gudla, P. R., Nandy, K., Collins, J., Meaburn, K. J., Misteli, T., & Lockett, S. J. (2008) · Cytometry Part A · doi:10.1002/cyto.a.20550 · Cited by 67
Foran, D. J., Yang, L., Chen, W., Hu, J., Goodell, L. A., Reiss, M., Wang, F., Kurc, T., Pan, T., Sharma, A., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000170 · Cited by 65
Basavanhally, A. N., Yu, E. Y., Xu, J., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.878092 · Cited by 65
Relationship between tumor grade and computed architectural complexity in breast cancer specimens
Tambasco, M., & Magliocco, A. M. (2008) · Human Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2007.10.001 · Cited by 64
Mitotic Figure Recognition: Agreement among Pathologists and Computerized Detector
Malon, C. D., Brachtel, E. F., Cosatto, E., Graf, H. P., Kurata, A., Kuroda, M., Meyer, J. S., Saito, A., Wu, S., & Yagi, Y. (2012) · Analytical Cellular Pathology · doi:10.1155/2012/385271 · Cited by 64
Assessment of Automated Image Analysis of Breast Cancer Tissue Microarrays for Epidemiologic Studies
Bolton, K. L., García‐Closas, M., Pfeiffer, R. M., Duggan, M. A., Howat, W., Hewitt, S. M., Yang, X. R., Cornelison, R., Anzick, S. L., Meltzer, P. S., et al. (2010) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1023 · Cited by 63
Mitosis detection using generic features and an ensemble of cascade adaboosts
Faik Boray, T. E. K. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.112697 · Cited by 63
Computer-aided techniques for chromogenic immunohistochemistry: Status and directions
Cataldo, S. D., Ficarra, E., & Macii, E. (2012) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2012.08.004 · Cited by 61
Basavanhally, A. N., Feldman, M. D., Shih, N. N. C., Mies, C., Tomaszewski, J., Ganesan, S., & Madabhushi, A. (2012) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.92027 · Cited by 58
Automated malignancy detection in breast histopathological images
Chekkoury, A., Khurd, P., Ni, J., Bahlmann, C., Kamen, A., Patel, A. P., Grady, L. J., Singh, M., Groher, M., Navab, N., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.911643 · Cited by 57
Detecting mitotic figures in breast cancer histopathology images
Veta, M., van Diest, P. J., & Pluim, J. P. W. (2013) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2006626 · Cited by 55
Self-citationHall, B. H., Ianosi-Irimie, M., Javidian, P., Chen, W., Ganesan, S., & Foran, D. J. (2008) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/1471-2342-8-11 · Cited by 52
Khan, A. M., Eldaly, H., Simmons, E., & Rajpoot, N. (2013) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.109802 · Cited by 51
Wang, C., Pécot, T., Zynger, D. L., Machiraju, R., Shapiro, C. L., & Huang, K. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001538 · Cited by 48
Karaçalı, B., & Tözeren, A. (2007) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/1471-2342-7-2 · Cited by 43
Automated Mitosis Detection based on eXclusive Independent Component Analysis
Huang, Z., & Lee, H.-K. (2013) · Cited by 41
Beliën, J. A. M., Baak, J. P. A., van Diest, P. J., & van Ginkel, A. H. M. (1997) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19970601)28:2<135::aid-cyto6>3.0.co;2-e · Cited by 41
Monaco, J. P., Hipp, J., Lucas, D., Smith, S. A., Balis, U. J., & Madabhushi, A. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33415-3_45 · Cited by 30
Learning histopathological patterns
Kårsnäs, A., Dahl, A. B., & Larsen, R. (2012) · Journal of Pathology Informatics · doi:10.4103/2153-3539.92033 · Cited by 26
Digitally adjusting chromogenic dye proportions in brightfield microscopy images
Bilgin, C. C., Rittscher, J., Filkins, R. J., & Can, A. B. (2012) · Journal of Microscopy · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2818.2011.03579.x · Cited by 22
Classification and Immunohistochemical Scoring of Breast Tissue Microarray Spots
Amaral, T., McKenna, S. J., Robertson, K. E., & Thompson, A. M. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2264871 · Cited by 20
Localization of tissues in high-resolution digital anatomic pathology images
Alomari, R. S., Allen, R., Sabata, B., & Chaudhary, V. (2009) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.811430 · Cited by 13
Cited by
Sirinukunwattana, K., Raza, S. E. A., Tsang, Y.-W., Snead, D. R. J., Cree, I. A., & Rajpoot, N. M. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2016.2525803 · Cited by 1,224
Classification of breast cancer histology images using Convolutional Neural Networks
Araújo, T., Aresta, G., Castro, E., Rouco, J., Aguiar, P., Eloy, C., Polónia, A., & Campilho, A. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177544 · Cited by 1,013
Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE) for Nuclei Detection on Breast Cancer Histopathology Images
Xu, J., Xiang, L., Liu, Q., Gilmore, H., Wu, J., Tang, J., & Madabhushi, A. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2015.2458702 · Cited by 854
Khan, S., Islam, N., Jan, Z., Ud Din, I., & Rodrigues, J. J. P. C. (2019) · Pattern Recognition Letters · doi:10.1016/j.patrec.2019.03.022 · Cited by 785
Cruz-Roa, A., Gilmore, H., Basavanhally, A., Feldman, M., Ganesan, S., Shih, N. N. C., Tomaszewski, J., González, F. A., & Madabhushi, A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46450 · Cited by 532
Metadata
- Authors
- Veta, M., Pluim, J. P. W., van Diest, P. J., & Viergever, M. A.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1400-1411
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2531
- OpenAlex
- W2151608510
- Cited by
- 696
- References
- 82
- FWCI
- 38.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.