A Survey of Deep Learning Applications to Autonomous Vehicle Control
Open accessAbstract
Designing a controller for autonomous vehicles capable of providing adequate performance in all driving scenarios is challenging due to the highly complex environment and inability to test the system in the wide variety of scenarios which it may encounter after deployment. However, deep learning methods have shown great promise in not only providing excellent performance for complex and non-linear control problems, but also in generalising previously learned rules to new scenarios. For these reasons, the use of deep learning for vehicle control is becoming increasingly popular. Although important advancements have been achieved in this field, these works have not been fully summarised. This paper surveys a wide range of research works reported in the literature which aim to control a vehicle through deep learning methods. Although there exists overlap between control and perception, the focus of this paper is on vehicle control, rather than the wider perception problem which includes tasks such as semantic segmentation and object detection. The paper identifies the strengths and limitations of available deep learning methods through comparative analysis and discusses the research challenges in terms of computation, architecture selection, goal specification, generalisation, verification and validation, as well as safety. Overall, this survey brings timely and topical information to a rapidly evolving field relevant to intelligent transportation systems.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Poor quality data can propagate abusive content.
“This includes historical signals and inappropriately proxied measures that make ML systems vulnerable to reproducing past discrimination against under-represented groups (e.g. in contexts such as job hiring and criminal justice), or propagating abusive content [46,67].”
From A Survey of Data Quality Requirements That Matter in ML Development Pipelines (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In E. Verification & Validation (page unavailable), the paper says poor-quality or biased training data can introduce harmful biases into an autonomous vehicle’s learned control policy. It does not discuss propagating abusive content, so that attributed outcome is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHistorical signals and inappropriately proxied measures make ML systems vulnerable to reproducing past discrimination against under-represented groups (e.g., in contexts such as job hiring and criminal justice).
“This includes historical signals and inappropriately proxied measures that make ML systems vulnerable to reproducing past discrimination against under-represented groups (e.g. in contexts such as job hiring and criminal justice), or propagating abusive content [46,67].”
From A Survey of Data Quality Requirements That Matter in ML Development Pipelines (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
The Supervised Learning and Verification & Validation sections say that biased training data can produce harmful biases in autonomous-driving models. They do not address historical discrimination, proxy measures, under-represented groups, hiring, or criminal justice; the support is limited to the general point that data bias can affect ML systems. No page numbers were available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155 · see citing works
Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
Kingma, D. P., & Ba, J. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6980 · Cited by 98,946 · see citing works
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126 · see citing works
(2014) · Cited by 33,419 · see citing works
Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning
Mnih, V., Kavukcuoglu, K., Silver, D., Rusu, A. A., Veness, J., Bellemare, M. G., Graves, A., Riedmiller, M., Fidjeland, A. K., Ostrovski, G., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14236 · Cited by 30,357 · see citing works
Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction
Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2004.842673 · Cited by 25,263 · see citing works
Deep learning in neural networks: an overview
Schmidhuber, J. (2015) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003 · Cited by 18,570 · see citing works
Neural networks for pattern recognition
Bishop, C. (1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-5500 · Cited by 18,537 · see citing works
Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks
Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., & Le, Q. V. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1409.3215 · Cited by 17,766 · see citing works
Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite
Geiger, A., Lenz, P., & Urtasun, R. (2012) · 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248074 · Cited by 14,897 · see citing works
Bellman, R. E. (2010) · doi:10.1515/9781400835386 · Cited by 14,588 · see citing works
(2016) · Cited by 11,679 · see citing works
Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning
Lillicrap, T. P., Hunt, J. J., Pritzel, A., Heess, N., Erez, T., Tassa, Y., Silver, D., & Wierstra, D. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1509.02971 · Cited by 10,782 · see citing works
Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples
Goodfellow, I. J., Shlens, J., & Szegedy, C. (2014) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.6572 · Cited by 10,381 · see citing works
Hinton, G., Deng, L., Yu, D., Dahl, G., Mohamed, A.-R., Jaitly, N., Senior, A., Vanhoucke, V., Nguyen, P., Sainath, T., et al. (2012) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2012.2205597 · Cited by 10,260 · see citing works
Vision meets robotics: The KITTI dataset
Geiger, A., Lenz, P., Stiller, C., & Urtasun, R. (2013) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364913491297 · Cited by 9,913 · see citing works
Watkins, C. J. C. H., & Dayan, P. (1992) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00992698 · Cited by 9,083 · see citing works
Reinforcement Learning: A Survey
Kaelbling, L. P., Littman, M. L., & Moore, A. W. (1996) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research · doi:10.1613/jair.301 · Cited by 8,972 · see citing works
Intriguing properties of neural networks
Szegedy, C., Zaremba, W., Sutskever, I., Bruna, J., Erhan, D., Goodfellow, I., & Fergus, R. (2013) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1312.6199 · Cited by 8,143 · see citing works
(2012) · Cited by 8,009 · see citing works
Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning
Mnih, V., Badia, A. P., Mirza, M., Graves, A., Lillicrap, T. P., Harley, T., Silver, D., & Kavukcuoglu, K. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1602.01783 · Cited by 7,132 · see citing works
Practical Bayesian Optimization of Machine Learning Algorithms
Snoek, J., Larochelle, H., & Adams, R. P. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1206.2944 · Cited by 6,691 · see citing works
Improving neural networks by preventing co-adaptation of feature detectors
Hinton, G. E., Srivastava, N., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1207.0580 · Cited by 6,382 · see citing works
Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent
Bottou, L. (2010) · Proceedings of COMPSTAT'2010 · doi:10.1007/978-3-7908-2604-3_16 · Cited by 5,795 · see citing works
Gaussian Processes in Machine Learning
Rasmussen, C. E. (2004) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28650-9_4 · Cited by 5,727 · see citing works
Adversarial examples in the physical world
Kurakin, A., Goodfellow, I. J., & Bengio, S. (2018) · Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security · doi:10.1201/9781351251389-8 · Cited by 5,375 · see citing works
DeepFool: A Simple and Accurate Method to Fool Deep Neural Networks
Moosavi-Dezfooli, S.-M., Fawzi, A., & Frossard, P. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.282 · Cited by 5,317 · see citing works
(1999) · Cited by 5,147 · see citing works
Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Brief Survey
Arulkumaran, K., Deisenroth, M. P., Brundage, M., & Bharath, A. A. (2017) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2017.2743240 · Cited by 4,733 · see citing works
(2011) · Cited by 3,939 · see citing works
CARLA: An open urban driving simulator
Dosovitskiy, A., Ros, G., Codevilla, F., Lopez, A., & Koltun, V. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1711.03938 · Cited by 3,718 · see citing works
Design and use paradigms for gazebo, an open-source multi-robot simulator
Koenig, N., & Howard, A. (2005) · 2004 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37566) · doi:10.1109/iros.2004.1389727 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
MnasNet: Platform-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Mobile
Tan, M., Chen, B., Pang, R., Vasudevan, V., Sandler, M., Howard, A., & Le, Q. V. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00293 · Cited by 3,416 · see citing works
Deterministic Policy Gradient Algorithms
Silver, D., Lever, G., Heess, N., Degris, T., Wierstra, D., & Riedmiller, M. (2014) · HAL · Cited by 3,275 · see citing works
End to End Learning for Self-Driving Cars
Bojarski, M., Del Testa, D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., Jackel, L. D., Monfort, M., Muller, U., Zhang, J., et al. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1604.07316 · Cited by 3,198 · see citing works
Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey
Kober, J., Bagnell, J. A., & Peters, J. (2013) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364913495721 · Cited by 3,160 · see citing works
Domain randomization for transferring deep neural networks from simulation to the real world
Tobin, J., Fong, R., Ray, A., Schneider, J., Zaremba, W., & Abbeel, P. (2017) · 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8202133 · Cited by 3,124 · cited 1× · see citing works
“policies from simulation to the real world [199]–[202].”
BackgroundApprenticeship learning via inverse reinforcement learning
Abbeel, P., & Ng, A. Y. (2004) · International Conference on Machine Learning · doi:10.1145/1015330.1015430 · Cited by 2,855 · see citing works
A Survey of Motion Planning and Control Techniques for Self-Driving Urban Vehicles
Paden, B. A., Čáp, M., Yong, S. Z., Yershov, D. S., & Frazzoli, E. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles · doi:10.1109/tiv.2016.2578706 · Cited by 2,601 · see citing works
Torralba, A., & Efros, A. A. (2011) · CVPR 2011 · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347 · Cited by 2,440 · see citing works
Asymptotically efficient adaptive allocation rules
Lai, T. L., & Robbins, H. (1985) · Advances in Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1016/0196-8858(85)90002-8 · Cited by 2,406 · see citing works
Practical Recommendations for Gradient-Based Training of Deep Architectures
Bengio, Y. (2012) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35289-8_26 · Cited by 2,259 · see citing works
Stanley: The robot that won the DARPA Grand Challenge
Thrun, S., Montemerlo, M., Dahlkamp, H., Stavens, D., Aron, A., Diebel, J., Fong, P., Gale, J., Halpenny, M., Hoffmann, G., et al. (2006) · Journal of Field Robotics · doi:10.1002/rob.20147 · Cited by 2,237 · see citing works
End-to-end training of deep visuomotor policies
Levine, S., Finn, C., Darrell, T., & Abbeel, P. (2016) · Journal of Machine Learning Research · Cited by 2,192 · see citing works
BinaryConnect: Training Deep Neural Networks with binary weights during propagations
Courbariaux, M., Bengio, Y., & David, J.-P. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1511.00363 · Cited by 2,180 · see citing works
High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimation
Schulman, J., Moritz, P., Levine, S., Jordan, M., & Abbeel, P. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1506.02438 · Cited by 2,103 · see citing works
A Reduction of Imitation Learning and Structured Prediction to No-Regret Online Learning
Ross, S., Gordon, G. J., & Bagnell, J. A. (2018) · Carnegie Mellon University · doi:10.1184/r1/6550949 · Cited by 1,941 · see citing works
Neural networks for pattern recognition
Marshall, J. A. (1995) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/0893-6080(95)90002-0 · Cited by 1,888 · see citing works
Maximum Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning
Ziebart, B. D., Maas, A. L., Bagnell, J. A., & Dey, A. K. (2018) · doi:10.1184/r1/6555512 · Cited by 1,868 · see citing works
Can we open the black box of AI?
Castelvecchi, D. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/538020a · Cited by 1,773 · see citing works
Neural Architecture Search: A Survey
Elsken, T., Metzen, J. H., & Hutter, F. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1808.05377 · Cited by 1,763 · see citing works
Adversarial Examples: Attacks and Defenses for Deep Learning
Yuan, X., He, P., Zhu, Q., & Li, X. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2886017 · Cited by 1,733 · see citing works
1 year, 1000 km: The Oxford RobotCar dataset
Maddern, W., Pascoe, G., Linegar, C., & Newman, P. (2017) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364916679498 · Cited by 1,632 · see citing works
Policy Invariance Under Reward Transformations: Theory and Application to Reward Shaping
Ng, A. Y., Harada, D., & Russell, S. (1999) · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Ng, A. Y. (2004) · Twenty-first international conference on Machine learning - ICML '04 · doi:10.1145/1015330.1015435 · Cited by 1,572 · cited 1× · see citing works
“e network reduce the effect of individual inputs on its behaviour, which means that the effect of local noise is reduced and the network is more likely to learn trends across the whole data set [49], [187]. Similarly, imposing constraints on the network weights through weight clipping has also been shown to improve ro…”
BackgroundStable adaptive neural control scheme for nonlinear systems
Polycarpou, M. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/9.486648 · Cited by 1,539 · see citing works
ALVINN, an autonomous land vehicle in a neural network
Pomerleau, D. A. (2018) · doi:10.1184/r1/6603146 · Cited by 1,403 · see citing works
Pedestrian detection: A benchmark
Dollár, P., Wojek, C., Schiele, B., & Perona, P. (2009) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206631 · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Orr, G., & Müller, K. (1998) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 1,333 · see citing works
Concrete Problems in AI Safety
Amodei, D., Olah, C., Steinhardt, J., Christiano, P., Schulman, J., & Mané, D. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.06565 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
FBNet: Hardware-Aware Efficient ConvNet Design via Differentiable Neural Architecture Search
Wu, B., Keutzer, K., Dai, X., Zhang, P., Wang, Y., Sun, F., Wu, Y., Tian, Y., Vajda, P., & Jia, Y. (2019) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.01099 · Cited by 1,302 · see citing works
Wang, D., & Huang, J. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2004.839354 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
The Tradeoffs of Large-Scale Learning
Bottou, L., & Bousquet, O. (2011) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/8996.003.0015 · Cited by 1,201 · see citing works
PILCO: A Model-Based and Data-Efficient Approach to Policy Search
Deisenroth, M. P., & Rasmussen, C. E. (2011) · Cambridge University Engineering Department Publications Database · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Deep Machine Learning - A New Frontier in Artificial Intelligence Research [Research Frontier]
Arel, I., Rose, D. C., & Karnowski, T. P. (2010) · IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine · doi:10.1109/mci.2010.938364 · Cited by 1,128 · see citing works
Visual Place Recognition: A Survey
Lowry, S., Sünderhauf, N., Newman, P., Leonard, J. J., Cox, D., Corke, P., & Milford, M. J. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Robotics · doi:10.1109/tro.2015.2496823 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Gaussian Networks for Direct Adaptive Control
Sanner, R. M., & Slotine, J.-J. E. (1991) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.23919/acc.1991.4791778 · Cited by 1,074 · see citing works
A Survey of Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning: Standard and Natural Policy Gradients
Grondman, I., Buşoniu, L., Lopes, G. A. D., & Babuška, R. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part C (Applications and Reviews) · doi:10.1109/tsmcc.2012.2218595 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Evolution Strategies as a Scalable Alternative to Reinforcement Learning
Salimans, T., Ho, J., Chen, X., Sidor, S., & Sutskever, I. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.03864 · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
Synthesizing Robust Adversarial ExamplesPreprint
Athalye, A., Engstrom, L., Ilyas, A., & Kwok, K. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1707.07397 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Planning and Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles
Schwarting, W., Alonso-Mora, J., & Rus, D. (2018) · Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105157 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
Neural Networks and Deep Learning
Aggarwal, C. (2018) · Cambridge International Law Journal · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94463-0 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Orr, G., & Müller, K. R. (1998) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-49430-8_2 · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Deep Q-learning From Demonstrations
Hester, T., Vecerik, M., Pietquin, O., Lanctot, M., Schaul, T., Piot, B., Horgan, D., Quan, J., Sendonaris, A., Osband, I., et al. (2018) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11757 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Generalization and network design strategies
LeCun, Y. (1989) · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Autonomous vehicle perception: The technology of today and tomorrow
Van Brummelen, J., O’Brien, M., Gruyer, D., & Najjaran, H. (2018) · Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1016/j.trc.2018.02.012 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
Safety Verification of Deep Neural Networks
Huang, X., Kwiatkowska, M., Wang, S., & Wu, M. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63387-9_1 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
Research advances in intelligent collision avoidance and adaptive cruise control
Vahidi, A., & Eskandarian, A. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2003.821292 · Cited by 846 · see citing works
Once-for-All: Train One Network and Specialize it for Efficient Deployment
Cai, H., Gan, C., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., & Han, S. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1908.09791 · Cited by 845 · see citing works
Autonomous vehicles: challenges, opportunities, and future implications for transportation policies
Bagloee, S. A., Madjid Tavana, D., Asadi, M., & Oliver, T. (2016) · 西南交通大学学报:英文版 · doi:10.1007/s40534-016-0117-3 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
(2015) · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Kuutti, S., Fallah, S., Katsaros, K., Dianati, M., Mccullough, F., & Mouzakitis, A. (2018) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2018.2812300 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
Self-citationRiedmiller, M. (2005) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/11564096_32 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
Continuous Deep Q-Learning with Model-based AccelerationPreprint
Gu, S., Lillicrap, T., Sutskever, I., & Levine, S. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1603.00748 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Deep Reinforcement Learning: An Overview
Li, Y. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1701.07274 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worst
Bansal, M., Krizhevsky, A., & Ogale, A. S. (2019) · Robotics: Science and Systems · doi:10.15607/rss.2019.xv.031 · Cited by 743 · see citing works
(2016) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Konda, V. R., & Tsitsiklis, J. N. (2003) · SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization · doi:10.1137/s0363012901385691 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
A mobile vision system for robust multi-person tracking
Ess, A., Leibe, B., Schindler, K., & Van Gool, L. (2008) · 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587581 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
DEX: Deep EXpectation of Apparent Age from a Single Image
Rothe, R., Timofte, R., & Gool, L. V. (2015) · IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops · doi:10.1109/iccvw.2015.41 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
Intention to use a fully automated car: Attitudes and a priori acceptability
Payre, W., Cestac, J., & Delhomme, P. (2014) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2014.04.009 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Adaptive neural network control for strict-feedback nonlinear systems using backstepping design
Zhang, T., Ge, S. S., & Hang, C. C. (2000) · Automatica · doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(00)00116-3 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
The ApolloScape Dataset for Autonomous Driving
Huang, X., Cheng, X., Geng, Q., Cao, B., Zhou, D., Wang, P., Lin, Y., & Yang, R. (2018) · 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) · doi:10.1109/cvprw.2018.00141 · Cited by 679 · see citing works
A possibility for implementing curiosity and boredom in model-building neural controllers
Schmidhuber, J. (1991) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3115.003.0030 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Computer Vision for Autonomous Vehicles
Janai, J., Güney, F., Behl, A., & Geiger, A. (2020) · Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision · doi:10.1561/0600000079 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Heuristic approaches in robot path planning: A survey
Mac, T. T., Copot, C., Tran, D. T., & KEYSER, R. D. (2016) · Robotics and Autonomous Systems · doi:10.1016/j.robot.2016.08.001 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Ratliff, N., Bagnell, J. A., & Zinkevich, M. (2006) · International Conference on Machine Learning · doi:10.1145/1143844.1143936 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
The ApolloScape Open Dataset for Autonomous Driving and Its Application
Huang, X., Wang, P., Cheng, X., Zhou, D., Geng, Q., & Yang, R. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2019.2926463 · Cited by 615 · see citing works
Ten Years of Pedestrian Detection, What Have We Learned?
Benenson, R., Omran, M., Hosang, J., & Schiele, B. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16181-5_47 · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Rajamani, R., Tan, H.-S., Law, B., & Zhang, W.-B. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology · doi:10.1109/87.852914 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Buehler, M., Iagnemma, K. D., & Singh, S. (2009) · Springer tracts in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03991-1 · Cited by 566 · see citing works
Exploring the Limitations of Behavior Cloning for Autonomous Driving
Codevilla, F., Santana, E., López, A. M., & Gaidon, A. (2019) · IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2019.00942 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
An Application of Reinforcement Learning to Aerobatic Helicopter Flight
Abbeel, P., Coates, A., Quigley, M., & Ng, A. Y. (2007) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/7503.003.0006 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
A Differential Equation for Modeling Nesterov's Accelerated Gradient Method: Theory and InsightsPreprint
Su, W., Boyd, S., & Candès, E. J. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.01243 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Safe, Multi-Agent, Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Shalev-Shwartz, S., Shammah, S., & Shashua, A. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.03295 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Sample Efficient Actor-Critic with Experience ReplayPreprint
Wang, Z., Bapst, V., Heess, N., Mnih, V., Munos, R., Kavukcuoglu, K., & de Freitas, N. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1611.01224 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
A review of design and control of automated guided vehicle systems
Le–Anh, T., & de Koster, R. B. M. (2005) · European Journal of Operational Research · doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2005.01.036 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
How Far are We from Solving Pedestrian Detection?
Zhang, S., Benenson, R., Omran, M., Hosang, J., & Schiele, B. (2016) · IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings - IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.141 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Learning driving styles for autonomous vehicles from demonstration
Kuderer, M., Gulati, S., & Burgard, W. (2015) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra.2015.7139555 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Stable Function Approximation in Dynamic Programming
Gordon, G. J. (1995) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-55860-377-6.50040-2 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
(2005) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Feature-based methods for large scale dynamic programming
Tsitsiklis, J. N., & Roy, B. V. (1996) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/bf00114724 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Synthesizing Robust Adversarial Examples
Athalye, A., Engstrom, L., Ilyas, A., & Kwok, K. (2018) · International Conference on Machine Learning · Cited by 432 · see citing works
The Robot That Won the DARPA Grand Challenge
Thrun, S. (2007) · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Kato, S., Tsugawa, S., Tokuda, K., Matsui, T., & Fujii, H. (2002) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2002.802929 · Cited by 402 · see citing works
Overview of Environment Perception for Intelligent Vehicles
Zhu, H., Yuen, K., Mihaylova, L. S., & Leung, H. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2017.2658662 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Sim-to-Real Robot Learning from Pixels with Progressive Nets
Rusu, A. A., Vecerik, M., Rothörl, T., Heess, N., Pascanu, R., & Hadsell, R. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.04286 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Handbook of Intelligent Vehicles
Eskandarian, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-085-4 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Land, M. F., & Fernald, R. D. (1992) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.15.030192.000245 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Adaptive neural network control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in pure-feedback form
Wang, D., & Huang, J. (2002) · Automatica · doi:10.1016/s0005-1098(02)00034-1 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control: A Reinforcement Learning Approach
Desjardins, C., & Chaib-draa, B. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2011.2157145 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Autonomous Ground Vehicles—Concepts and a Path to the Future
Luettel, T., Himmelsbach, M., & Wuensche, H. (2012) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2012.2189803 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Glaser, S., Vanholme, B., Mammar, S., Gruyer, D., & Nouvelière, L. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2010.2046037 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Virtual to Real Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Pan, X., You, Y., Wang, Z., & Lu, C. (2017) · Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2017 · doi:10.5244/c.31.11 · Cited by 326 · cited 1× · see citing works
“ferring driving policies from simulation to the real world easier [143], [144].”
BackgroundVirtual to Real Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving
Pan, X., You, Y., Wang, Z., & Lu, C. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1704.03952 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
A Reinforcement Learning Based Approach for Automated Lane Change Maneuvers
Wang, P., Chan, C., & Fortelle, A. D. L. (2018) · IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium · doi:10.1109/ivs.2018.8500556 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Moon, S., Moon, I., & Yi, K. (2008) · Control Engineering Practice · doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2008.09.006 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Learning agents for uncertain environments (extended abstract)
Russell, S. (1998) · Conference on Learning Theory · doi:10.1145/279943.279964 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Learning Hand-Eye Coordination for Robotic Grasping with Large-Scale Data Collection
Levine, S., Pástor, P., Krizhevsky, A., & Quillen, D. (2017) · Springer proceedings in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-50115-4_16 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Kernel-Based Least Squares Policy Iteration for Reinforcement Learning
Xu, X., Hu, D., & Lu, X. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2007.899161 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Automated On-Ramp Merging System for Congested Traffic Situations
Milanés, V., Godoy, J., Villagrá, J., & Perez, J. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2010.2096812 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Trajectory planning and tracking for autonomous overtaking: State-of-the-art and future prospects
Dixit, S., Fallah, S., Montanaro, U., Dianati, M., Stevens, A., Mccullough, F., & Mouzakitis, A. (2018) · Annual Reviews in Control · doi:10.1016/j.arcontrol.2018.02.001 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationAgile Autonomous Driving using End-to-End Deep Imitation Learning
Pan, Y., Cheng, C.-A., Saigol, K., Lee, K., Yan, X., Theodorou, E., & Boots, B. (2018) · Robotics: Science and Systems XIV · doi:10.15607/rss.2018.xiv.056 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Autonomous High Speed Road Vehicle Guidance by Computer Vision 1
Dickmanns, E. D., & Zapp, A. (1987) · IFAC Proceedings Volumes · doi:10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55320-3 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Thrun, S. (2010) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/1721654.1721679 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Generalization and Parameter Estimation in Feedforward Nets: Some Experiments
Morgan, N., & Bourlard, H. (1989) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Ren, B., Ge, S. S., Su, C.-Y., & Lee, T. H. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Part B (Cybernetics) · doi:10.1109/tsmcb.2008.2006368 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
On the safety of machine learning: Cyber-physical systems, decision sciences, and data products
Varshney, K. R., & Alemzadeh, H. (2017) · Big Data · doi:10.1089/big.2016.0051 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Tani, J., Ito, M., & Sugita, Y. (2004) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2004.05.007 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Towards connected autonomous driving: review of use-cases
Montanaro, U., Dixit, S., Fallah, S., Dianati, M., Stevens, A., Oxtoby, D., & Mouzakitis, A. (2018) · Vehicle System Dynamics · doi:10.1080/00423114.2018.1492142 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Self-citationTrajectory Planning for Autonomous High-Speed Overtaking in Structured Environments Using Robust MPC
Dixit, S., Montanaro, U., Dianati, M., Oxtoby, D., Mizutani, T., Mouzakitis, A., & Fallah, S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2019.2916354 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Self-citationHybrid Reward Architecture for Reinforcement LearningPreprint
van Seijen, H., Fatemi, M., Romoff, J., Laroche, R., Barnes, T., & Tsang, J. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.04208 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
End-to-End Learning of Driving Models with Surround-View Cameras and Route Planners
Hecker, S., Dai, D., & Van Gool, L. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01234-2_27 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Learning Visual Odometry with a Convolutional Network
Konda, K., & Memisevic, R. (2015) · International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications · doi:10.5220/0005299304860490 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Large-scale cost function learning for path planning using deep inverse reinforcement learning
Wulfmeier, M., Rao, D., Wang, D. Z., Ondrúška, P., & Posner, I. (2017) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364917722396 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Robot Learning in Homes: Improving Generalization and Reducing Dataset BiasPreprint
Gupta, A., Murali, A., Gandhi, D., & Pinto, L. (2018) · Neural Information Processing Systems · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.07049 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Driving Policy Transfer via Modularity and AbstractionPreprint
Müller, M., Dosovitskiy, A., Ghanem, B., & Koltun, V. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1804.09364 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Continuous Inverse Optimal Control with Locally Optimal ExamplesPreprint
Levine, S., & Koltun, V. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1206.4617 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Autonomous braking system via deep reinforcement learning
Chae, H., Kang, C. M., Kim, B., Kim, J., Chung, C. C., & Choi, J. W. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc.2017.8317839 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Causal Confusion in Imitation LearningPreprint
de Haan, P., Jayaraman, D., & Levine, S. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.11979 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Transfer from Simulation to Real World through Learning Deep Inverse Dynamics ModelPreprint
Christiano, P. F., Shah, Z., Mordatch, I., Schneider, J., Blackwell, T., Tobin, J., Abbeel, P., & Zaremba, W. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1610.03518 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-Driving Cars and the Urban Challenge
Urmson, C., & Whittaker, W. (2008) · IEEE Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/mis.2008.34 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Safe Exploration in Markov Decision Processes
Moldovan, T. M., & Abbeel, P. (2012) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1205.4810 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Vehicle following control design for automated highway systems
Raza, H., & Ioannou, P. (1996) · IEEE Control Systems · doi:10.1109/mcs.1996.546270 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
End-to-End Deep Reinforcement Learning for Lane Keeping AssistPreprint
Sallab, A. E., Abdou, M., Perot, E., & Yogamani, S. K. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1612.04340 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Autonomous vehicle control systems — a review of decision making
Veres, S. M., Molnar, L., Lincoln, N. K., & Morice, C. P. (2011) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part I Journal of Systems and Control Engineering · doi:10.1177/2041304110394727 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Learning from Demonstration for Autonomous Navigation in Complex Unstructured Terrain
Silver, D., Bagnell, J. A., & Stentz, A. (2010) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364910369715 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Computer Vision for Autonomous Vehicles: Problems, Datasets and State of the Art
Janai, J., Güney, F., Behl, A., & Geiger, A. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1704.05519 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Learning a deep neural net policy for end-to-end control of autonomous vehicles
Rausch, V., Hansen, A., Solowjow, E., Liu, C., Kreuzer, E. J., & Hedrick, J. K. (2017) · Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference · doi:10.23919/acc.2017.7963716 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
End-to-End Driving Via Conditional Imitation Learning
Codevilla, F., Muller, M., Lopez, A., Koltun, V., & Dosovitskiy, A. (2018) · 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) · doi:10.1109/icra.2018.8460487 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Hierarchical Apprenticeship Learning with Application to Quadruped Locomotion
Kolter, J. Z., Abbeel, P., & Ng, A. Y. (2007) · Cited by 122 · see citing works
An Approach to Tune Fuzzy Controllers Based on Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Vehicle Control
Dai, X., Li, C. K., & Rad, A. B. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2005.853698 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
End-to-End Deep Learning for Steering Autonomous Vehicles Considering Temporal DependenciesPreprint
Eraqi, H. M., Moustafa, M. N., & Honer, J. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1710.03804 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Query-Efficient Imitation Learning for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
Zhang, J., & Cho, K. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1605.06450 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Combining neural networks and tree search for task and motion planning in challenging environments
Paxton, C., Raman, V., Hager, G. D., & Kobilarov, M. (2017) · IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS) · doi:10.1109/iros.2017.8206505 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Parameterized Batch Reinforcement Learning for Longitudinal Control of Autonomous Land Vehicles
Huang, Z., Xu, X., He, H., Tan, J. H., & Sun, Z. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2017.2712561 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Imitation learning for locomotion and manipulation
Ratliff, N., Bagnell, J. A., & Srinivasa, S. S. (2007) · IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids) · doi:10.1109/ichr.2007.4813899 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
On Offline Evaluation of Vision-Based Driving Models
Codevilla, F., López, A. M., Koltun, V., & Dosovitskiy, A. (2018) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01267-0_15 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the WorstPreprint
Bansal, M., Krizhevsky, A., & Ogale, A. S. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1812.03079 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Deep Object-Centric Policies for Autonomous Driving
Wang, D., Devin, C., Cai, Q.-Z., Yu, F., & Darrell, T. (2019) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra.2019.8794224 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Neural Network Vision for Robot Driving
Pomerleau, D. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6325-9_4 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
An Analysis of ISO 26262: Using Machine Learning Safely in Automotive SoftwarePreprint
Salay, R., Queiroz, R., & Czarnecki, K. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1709.02435 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Theory and application of reward shaping in reinforcement learning
DEJONG, G. F., & Laud, A. (2004) · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Full-range adaptive cruise control based on supervised adaptive dynamic programming
Zhao, D., Hu, Z., Xia, Z., Alippi, C., Zhu, Y., & Wang, D. (2013) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2012.09.034 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
A Control Strategy of Autonomous Vehicles Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Xia, W., Li, H., & Li, B. (2016) · International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design · doi:10.1109/iscid.2016.2054 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Learning from Demonstrations for Real World Reinforcement LearningPreprint
Hester, T., Vecerík, M., Pietquin, O., Lanctot, M., Schaul, T., Piot, B., Sendonaris, A., Dulac-Arnold, G., Osband, I., Agapiou, J., et al. (2017) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Deep Learning in Automotive Software
Falcini, F., Lami, G., & Costanza, A. M. (2017) · IEEE Software · doi:10.1109/ms.2017.79 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Deep neural networks are robust to weight binarization and other non-linear distortionsPreprint
Merolla, P. A., Appuswamy, R., Arthur, J. V., Esser, S. K., & Modha, D. S. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.01981 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Yin, H., & Berger, C. (2017) · 2017 IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc.2017.8317828 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Using Local Trajectory Optimizers to Speed Up Global Optimization in Dynamic Programming
Atkeson, C. G. (1993) · Cited by 78 · see citing works
A supervised Actor–Critic approach for adaptive cruise control
Zhao, D., Wang, B., & Liu, D. (2013) · Soft Computing · doi:10.1007/s00500-013-1110-y · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Exploiting Model Uncertainty Estimates for Safe Dynamic Control Learning
Schneider, J. (1996) · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-Learning Cruise Control Using Kernel-Based Least Squares Policy Iteration
Wang, J., Xu, X., Liu, D., Sun, Z., & Chen, Q. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology · doi:10.1109/tcst.2013.2271276 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Evaluation of Policy Gradient Methods and Variants on the Cart-Pole Benchmark
Riedmiller, M., Peters, J., & Schaal, S. (2007) · doi:10.1109/adprl.2007.368196 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The 1997 automated highway free agent demonstration
Thorpe, C., Jochem, T. M., & Pomerleau, D. (2002) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc.1997.660524 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Combining Deep Reinforcement Learning and Safety Based Control for Autonomous DrivingPreprint
Xiong, X., Wang, J., Zhang, F., & Li, K. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1612.00147 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Fuzzylot: a novel self-organising fuzzy-neural rule-based pilot system for automated vehicles
Pasquier, M., Quek, C. H., & Toh, M. (2001) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/s0893-6080(01)00048-x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
LIDAR-based driving path generation using fully convolutional neural networks
Caltagirone, L., Bellone, M., Svensson, L., & Wahde, M. (2017) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc.2017.8317618 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Towards Adapting Deep Visuomotor Representations from Simulated to Real Environments.Preprint
Tzeng, E., Devin, C., Hoffman, J., Finn, C., Peng, X., Levine, S., Saenko, K., & Darrell, T. (2015) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Trajectory Planning for Autonomous High-Speed Overtaking using MPC with Terminal Set Constraints
Dixit, S., Montanaro, U., Fallah, S., Dianati, M., Oxtoby, D., Mizutani, T., & Mouzakitis, A. (2018) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc.2018.8569529 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, S., Wang, W., Liu, C., Deng, W., & Hedrick, J. K. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV) · doi:10.1109/ivs.2017.7995850 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Learning Autonomous Driving Styles and Maneuvers from Expert Demonstration
Silver, D., Bagnell, J. A., & Stentz, A. (2013) · Springer tracts in advanced robotics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-00065-7_26 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A review of inverse reinforcement learning theory and recent advances
Shao, Z., & Joo, E. M. (2012) · IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) · doi:10.1109/cec.2012.6256507 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A Study on Run Time Assurance for Complex Cyber Physical Systems
Clark, M., Koutsoukos, X., Porter, J., Kumar, R., Pappas, G. J., Sokolsky, O. V., Lee, I., & Pike, L. (2013) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ada585474 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Ross, P. E. (2014) · IEEE Spectrum · doi:10.1109/mspec.2014.6821623 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Jacklin, S. A., Schumann, J. M. P., Gupta, P., Richard, M., Guenther, K., & Soares, F. (2005) · AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference · doi:10.2514/6.2005-6912 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Toward autonomous driving: the CMU Navlab. II. Architecture and systems
Thorpe, C., Herbert, M., Takeo Kanade, A., & Shafter, S. (1991) · IEEE Expert · doi:10.1109/64.85920 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Zhao, D., Xia, Z., & Zhang, Q. (2017) · IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine · doi:10.1109/mci.2017.2670463 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A learning model for personalized adaptive cruise control
Chen, X., Zhai, Y., Lu, C., Gong, J., & Wang, G. (2017) · IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium · doi:10.1109/ivs.2017.7995748 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Challenges in the Verification of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms
van Wesel, P., & Goodloe, A. E. (2017) · NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
12 of the 230 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- V. R. Konda and J. N. Tsitsiklis, "On actor-critic algorithms," SIAM journal on Control and Optimization, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 1143-1166, 2003.
- C. J. Watkins and P. Dayan, "Q-learning," Machine learning, vol. 8, no. 3-4, pp. 279-292, 1992.
- R. Sanner and M. Mears, "Stable adaptive tracking of uncertainty systems using nonlinearly parameterized on-line approximators," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 837-863, 1992.
- M. Maurer, J. C. Gerdes, B. Lenz, and H. Winner, Autonomous Driving. Berlin: Springer, Heidelberg, 2016.
- R. J. Schalkoff, Artificial Neural Networks. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions
Alzubaidi, L., Zhang, J., Humaidi, A. J., Al-Dujaili, A., Duan, Y., Al-Shamma, O., Santamaría, J., Fadhel, M. A., Al-Amidie, M., & Farhan, L. (2021) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-021-00444-8 · Cited by 7,906 · see citing works
Ahmad, K., Maabreh, M., Ghaly, M., Khan, K., Qadir, J., & Al-Fuqaha, A. (2022) · Computer Science Review · doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100452 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
A Survey of Deep RL and IL for Autonomous Driving Policy Learning
Zhu, Z., & Zhao, H. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3134702 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Machine learning for next-generation intelligent transportation systems: A survey
Yuan, T., Da Rocha Neto, W., Rothenberg, C. E., Obraczka, K., Barakat, C., & Turletti, T. (2022) · Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies · doi:10.1002/ett.4427 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Elallid, B. B., Benamar, N., Hafid, A. S., Rachidi, T., & Mrani, N. (2022) · Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.03.013 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Chen, L. F., Li, Y., Huang, C., Xing, Y., Tian, D., Li, L., Hu, Z., Teng, S., Lv, C., Wang, J., et al. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics Systems · doi:10.1109/tsmc.2023.3276218 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Advanced Learning Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems: Prospects and Challenges
Khalil, R. A., Safelnasr, Z., Yemane, N., Kedir, M., Shafiqurrahman, A., & Saeed, N. (2024) · IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/ojvt.2024.3369691 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
A Survey of Data Quality Requirements That Matter in ML Development Pipelines
Priestley, M., O’donnell, F., & Simperl, E. (2023) · Journal of Data and Information Quality · doi:10.1145/3592616 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Abdel Hakeem, S. A., & Kim, H. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2025.3558849 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pan, Y., Nie, X., Li, Z., & Gu, S. (2021) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109541 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Robustifying the Deployment of tinyML Models for Autonomous mini-vehicles
de Prado, M., Rusci, M., Capotondi, A., Donze, R., Benini, L., & Pazos, N. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21041339 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A systematic review of current AI techniques used in the context of the SDGs
Greif, L., Röckel, F., Kimmig, A., & Ovtcharova, J. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-024-00668-5 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Machine learning for generative architectural design: Advancements, opportunities, and challenges
Zhuang, X., Zhu, P., Yang, A. Y., & Caldas, L. (2025) · Automation in Construction · doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106129 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Synthetic electronic health records generated with variational graph autoencoders
Nikolentzos, G., Vazirgiannis, M., Xypolopoulos, C., Lingman, M., & Brandt, E. G. (2023) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-023-00822-x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence techniques to mitigate cyber-attacks within vehicular networks: Survey
Haddaji, A., Ayed, S., & Fourati, L. C. (2022) · Computers & Electrical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108460 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Characterizing the Performance of Accelerated Jetson Edge Devices for Training Deep Learning Models
Prashanthi, S. K., Kesanapalli, S. A., & Simmhan, Y. L. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3570604 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Introduction to latent variable energy-based models: a path toward autonomous machine intelligence
Dawid, A., & LeCun, Y. (2024) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/ad292b · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Influence of AVC and HEVC Compression on Detection of Vehicles Through Faster R-CNN
Chan, P. H., Huggett, A., Souvalioti, G., Jennings, P., & Donzella, V. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2023.3308344 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
An explainable ensemble feedforward method with Gaussian convolutional filter
Li, J., Shi, H., & Hwang, K. (2021) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107103 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Fang, Y., Zheng, N., & Vu, H. L. (2022) · Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles · doi:10.1108/jicv-05-2022-0017 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
A Mental Simulation Approach for Learning Neural-Network Predictive Control (in Self-Driving Cars)
Lio, M. D., Donà, R., Papini, G. P. R., Biral, F., & Svensson, H. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3032780 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Platoon or individual: An adaptive car-following control of connected and automated vehicles
Zong, F., Yue, S., Zeng, M., He, Z., & Ngoduy, D. (2024) · Chaos Solitons & Fractals · doi:10.1016/j.chaos.2024.115850 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306094 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Internet of Vehicles – System of Systems Distributed Intelligence for Mobility Applications
Vermesan, O., John, R., Pype, P., Daalderop, G. H. O., Ashwathnarayan, M., Bahr, R., Karlsen, T., & Sand, H.-E. (2021) · Internet of things · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76493-7_4 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Dhaya, R., & Kanthavel, R. (2022) · The International Arab Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.34028/iajit/19/2/5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Marchisio, A., Caramia, G., Martina, M., & Shafique, M. (2022) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn55064.2022.9892612 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Multi-Time Resolution Ensemble LSTMs for Enhanced Feature Extraction in High-Rate Time Series
Barzegar, V., Laflamme, S., Hu, C. K., & Dodson, J. C. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21061954 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Optimizing object detection for autonomous robots: a comparative analysis of YOLO models
Vaghela, R., Vaishnani, D., Sarda, J. S., Thakkar, A., Nasit, Y., Brahma, B., & Bhoi, A. K. (2025) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118676 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, S., Fujii, H., & Yoshimura, S. (2022) · Physica A Statistical Mechanics and its Applications · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2022.128172 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Parallelized and randomized adversarial imitation learning for safety-critical self-driving vehicles
Yun, W. J., Shin, M., Jung, S., Kwon, S.-C., & Kim, J. (2022) · Journal of Communications and Networks · doi:10.23919/jcn.2022.000012 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Control with adaptive Q-learning: A comparison for two classical control problems
Araújo, J. P., Figueiredo, M. A. T., & Botto, M. A. (2022) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2022.104797 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Conditional recurrent neural networks for broad applications in nonlinear optics
Lauria, S., & Saleh, M. F. (2024) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.506519 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dekhterman, S. R., Cichon, M. T., Norris, W. R., Nottage, D. S., & Soylemezoglu, A. (2024) · Journal of Field Robotics · doi:10.1002/rob.22287 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Robustifying the Deployment of tinyML Models for Autonomous Mini-Vehicles
de Prado, M., Rusci, M., Donze, R., Capotondi, A., Monnerat, S., Luca Benini, C., & Pazos, N. (2021) · IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems proceedings · doi:10.1109/iscas51556.2021.9401154 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Functional Model of a Self-Driving Car Control System
Sviatov, K. V., Yarushkina, N. G., Kanin, D., Rubtcov, I., Jitkov, R., Mikhailov, V., & Kanin, P. (2021) · Technologies · doi:10.3390/technologies9040100 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mind the Map! Accounting for Existing Maps When Estimating Online HDMaps from Sensors
Sun, R., Li, Y., Lingrand, D., & Precioso, F. (2025) · IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision · doi:10.1109/wacv61041.2025.00170 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Young, A., Taves, J., Elmquist, A., Benatti, S., Tasora, A., Serban, R., & Negruţ, D. (2021) · Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics · doi:10.1115/1.4053321 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Learning to Forecast Aleatoric and Epistemic Uncertainties over Long Horizon Trajectories
Acharya, A., Russell, R. L., & Ahmed, N. R. (2023) · Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation/Proceedings · doi:10.1109/icra48891.2023.10160766 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Robust navigation with tinyML for autonomous mini-vehicles.
de Prado, M., Donze, R., Capotondi, A., Rusci, M., Monnerat, S., Luca Benini, C., & Pazos, N. (2020) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heterogeneous domain adaptation method for tomato leaf disease classification base on CycleGAN
Cho, S., Jeong, S.-H., Yu, J.-W., Choi, J.-B., & Kim, M. K. (2023) · Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems · doi:10.3233/jifs-230561 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Modeling and State Estimation of Autonomous Vehicles in Signalized Intersections
Emamifar, M., & Ghoreishi, S. F. (2023) · ASCE International Conference on Transportation and Development (ICTD) · doi:10.1061/9780784484876.002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Local Repair of Neural Networks Using OptimizationPreprint
Majd, K., Zhou, S.-Y., Amor, H. B., Fainekos, G., & Sankaranarayanan, S. (2021) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.14041 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
ARC: Adversarially Robust Control Policies for Autonomous Vehicles
Kuutti, S., Fallah, S., & Bowden, R. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc48978.2021.9564579 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationGite, S., Kotecha, K. V., & Ghinea, G. (2021) · International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications · doi:10.1108/ijpcc-11-2020-0192 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Applications of AI in Transportation Industry
Schneider, M., Kutila, M., & Höß, A. (2022) · River Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003337232-29 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
End-to-End Steering Angle Prediction for Autonomous Car Using Vision Transformer
Sonata, I., Heryadi, Y., Wibowo, A., & Budiharto, W. (2023) · CommIT (Communication and Information Technology) Journal · doi:10.21512/commit.v17i2.8425 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Safe Trajectory Planning Using Reinforcement Learning for Self DrivingPreprint
Coad, J., Qiao, Z., & Dolan, J. M. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2011.04702 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Luna-Romera, J. M., Carranza-García, M., Arcos-Vargas, Á., & Riquelme, J. C. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25838 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Liu, Y., & Zhan, P. (2024) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.3102/10769986241268907 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vehicle Adaptive Cruise Controller Based on an Optimal Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control
Hajjami, L. E., Mellouli, E. M., Žuraulis, V., & Berrada, M. (2022) · International Conference of Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (SMARTTECH) · doi:10.1109/smarttech54121.2022.00044 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Alpha Fusion Adversarial Attack Analysis Using Deep Learning
Khan, M., Ullah, A., Naz, I., Haider, S., Jhanji, N., Shorfuzzaman, M., & Masud, M. (2023) · Computer Systems Science and Engineering · doi:10.32604/csse.2023.029642 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Leelavathy, S., Muthu, N., Dhaya, R., Muthuselvan, S., Kanthavel, R., & Rajakumari, K. (2023) · International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC) · doi:10.1109/icosec58147.2023.10276057 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Optical Flow-Hermite and Fuzzy Q-Learning Based Robotic Navigation Approach
Moya-Albor, E., Brieva, J., Ponce-Espinosa, H., & Gomez-Coronel, S. L. (2021) · International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronics and Automotive Engineering (ICMEAE) · doi:10.1109/icmeae55138.2021.00012 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Precise Control for Deep Driving using Dual Critic based DRL Approaches
Gupta, S., Singal, G., & Garg, D. (2021) · IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops) · doi:10.1109/ivworkshops54471.2021.9669204 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fast and Modular Autonomy Software for Autonomous Racing Vehicles
Saba, A., Adetunji, A., Johnson, A., Kothari, A., Sivaprakasam, M., Spisak, J., Bharatia, P., Chauhan, A., Duff, B., Gasparro, N., et al. (2024) · Field Robotics · doi:10.55417/fr.2024001 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Are Programmers in or out of Control?
Bo, M. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009431453.005 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Data-driven Integrated Sensing and Communication: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future ProspectsPreprint
Salem, H., Quamar, M. M., Magad, A., Mohammed Elrashidy, Saeed, N., & Masood, M. (2023) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.23653341 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Islam, N., & Zulkernine, M. (2025) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.01089 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Despite various advances, high computational costs and complexity associated with HE still persist when integrating in PPML [2].”
A Macro-Micro Lane Changing Strategy for Congestion Mitigation in Mixed Traffic
Yang, Y., Liu, Y., & Roncoli, C. (2024) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) · doi:10.1109/itsc58415.2024.10919932 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
IoT based intelligent automobile monitoring and controlling
Sujatha, M., Muthusamy, M., Jakesh, P., Reddy, B. V. R., & Rathnam, B. V. (2022) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0118175 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Key Factors that Negatively Affect Performance of Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving
Rijanto, E., Changgraini, N., Saputra, R. P., & Abidin, Z. (2024) · Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) · doi:10.18196/jrc.v5i1.20371 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Agent for Snake Game
Hossain, M. M., Fakokunde, A., & Olaolu, O. I. (2023) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.36079/lamintang.ijai-01002.565 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Deep Feature Learning Network for Vehicle Retrieval
Phung, T. T. T., Ly, N. Q., Vo, T. T., & Ho, M. T. N. (2021) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Soft Computing · doi:10.1145/3453800.3453804 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Comparative Analysis of Steering Angle Prediction For Automated Object Using Deep Neural NetworkPreprint
Islam, M. K., Yeasmin, M. N., Kaushal, C., Amin, M. A., Islam, M. R., & Showrov, M. I. H. (2021) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.16913443 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dekhterman, S. R., Norris, W. R., Sreenivas, R. S., Nottage, D. S., & Soylemezoglu, A. (2023) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.24355153 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Certification Challenges in Ml-Based Automotive Cyber-Physical SystemPreprint
Kshirsagar, P. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4804337 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Meftah, L. H., & Cherif, A. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5117781 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comparative Analysis of Steering Angle Prediction For Automated Object Using Deep Neural NetworkPreprint
Islam, M. K., Yeasmin, M. N., Kaushal, C., Amin, M. A., Islam, M. R., & Showrov, M. I. H. (2021) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.16913443.v1
Comparative Analysis of Steering Angle Prediction For Automated Object Using Deep Neural NetworkPreprint
Islam, M. K., Yeasmin, M. N., Kaushal, C., Amin, M. A., Islam, M. R., & Showrov, M. I. H. (2021) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.16913443.v2
Real-world applicable deep learning techniques
Liu, N. (2020) · doi:10.17760/d20398269
Explainable deep learning approach to predict chemotherapy effect on breast tumor’s MRI
Adoui, M. E., Larhmam, M. A., Drisis, S., & Benjelloun, M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819872-8.00014-8
Deep Learning for Steering Angle Prediction in Autonomous Vehicles
Mishra, A. K. (2021) · Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications · doi:10.17762/msea.v70i2.2448
Control longitudinal de un vehículo mediante aprendizaje por refuerzo profundo
Barreno, F., Santos, M., & García, M. R. (2023) · doi:10.17979/spudc.9788497498609.127
Optimizing Nonlinear Control Strategies for Autonomous Vehicles
Shwetabh, K. (2023) · Advances in Nonlinear Variational Inequalities · doi:10.52783/anvi.v26.i3.290
Human–Robot Interactions and Substantive Law
Gless, S., & Whalen-Bridge, H. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009431453.003
SafeDrive: A Framework for Real-Time Risk Mitigation in Smart Vehicles
Sinha, V. (2025) · INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT · doi:10.55041/ijsrem47405
Li, W., Li, X., Li, L., Wang, K., & Zhang, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5339829
Deep Neural Network Compression for Visual Recognition
Dupont, R. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/42b047f5ze4c0z4685zb43az56bb33196d6b
Machine learning for timing estimation
Amalou, A. N. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d276d583z0ce4z41b2za54azf081cb28f62c
A Novel End-to-End Low-Light Image Segmentation Method and Its Application to Robotic Perception
Cao, Z., Mu, H., & Zhou, M. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2026.3716034
Pi, D., Guan, C., Wang, J., Zhang, C., Xie, Z., Yan, Y., Wang, H., & Yin, G. (2026) · Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cjme.2026.100394
Báez, H., Pan, H., Costa, J. M. D. R., Gideon, J., Sarter, N. B., & Gillespie, R. B. (2026) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/00187208261483656
Hybrid Deep Learning Based YOLOv7 Algorithm Animal Aware Intelligent Traffic Control
Choudhary, K., Kashyap, Y., & Mandloi, S. (2026) · RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary · doi:10.31305/rrijm.2026.v11.n09.006
Bayesian Inference Based on Stochastic Optimization and Deep Learning
Liu, A., & Zhao, M. (2026) · Textbooks in telecommunication engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26656-9_17
Li, J., Wu, P., Yang, X., Li, Z., Pengwen, X., Yang, L., Chi, H., Xie, X., Zeng, C., Cen, W., et al. (2026) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.116390
A closed-loop multimodal fusion network for hazardousmaterials transportation risk identificationPreprint
Chen, G., Li, Z., Zhou, Y., Li, J., Ma, Y., & Chai, H. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7584104
Overview of the software used in developing the Mars rover analogue autonomy system
Sołtys, K., Sudyk, S., Zieliński, S., & Żegleń, D. (2025) · Advances in IT and Electrical Engineering · doi:10.7862/ra.2025.3
A closed-loop multimodal fusion network for hazardous materials transportation risk identificationPreprint
Chen, G., li, Z., Ma, Y., & Chai, H. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7589347
Li, S., Fan, P., Tian, Z., & Wen, Y. (2026) · Vehicles · doi:10.3390/vehicles8100253
Real-time pedestrian detection for automotive systems using an optimized YOLOv9 framework
Farhat, W., Rhaiem, O. B., Faiedh, H., & Souani, C. (2026) · Signal Image and Video Processing · doi:10.1007/s11760-026-05766-9
- Authors
- Kuutti, S., Bowden, R., Jin, Y., Barber, P., & Fallah, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Jaguar Land Rover (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 712-733
- ISSN
- 1524-9050 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0016
- OpenAlex
- W2995697759
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 230
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.K.-Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R512217/1)
- Jaguar Land Rover
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
- Keywords
- autonomous vehicles, vehicle control, deep learning control, verification and validation, safety, goal specification, intelligent transportation systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review