Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 3,174

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World

Open access
La Porta, Rafael, Lopez‐de‐Silanes, Florencio, Shleifer, Andrei, Vishny, Robert W.·2000·The Journal of Finance

Abstract

This paper outlines and tests two agency models of dividends. According to the “outcome model,” dividends are paid because minority shareholders pressure corporate insiders to disgorge cash. According to the “substitute model,” insiders interested in issuing equity in the future pay dividends to establish a reputation for decent treatment of minority shareholders. The first model predicts that stronger minority shareholder rights should be associated with higher dividend payouts; the second model predicts the opposite. Tests on a cross section of 4,000 companies from 33 countries with different levels of minority shareholder rights support the outcome agency model of dividends.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/0022-1082.00199

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 40

  1. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1980.tb03466.x · DOI · Paper page
  2. Allen Franklin, 1997, North‐Holland Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science
  3. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1987.tb02570.x · DOI
  4. 10.1086/296187 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.2307/1883167 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Baumol William, 1959, Business Behavior, Value and Growth
  7. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02723.x · DOI
  8. Berle Adolf, 1932, The Modern Corporation and Private Property
  9. 10.2307/3003330 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.3905/jpm.1976.408558 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Bulow Jeremy, 1989, Sovereign debt: Is to forgive to forget?, American Economic Review, 79, 43
  12. 10.1016/0304-405X(95)00850-E · DOI · Paper page
  13. 10.1111/0022-1082.00084 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1111/0022-1082.00038 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Easterbrook Frank, 1984, Two agency cost explanations of dividends, American Economic Review, 74, 650
  16. 10.1016/0304-405X(81)90028-3 · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(81)90028-3
  17. 10.1093/rfs/11.2.383 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1093/rfs/12.2.379 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Gomes Armando, 2000, Going public with asymmetric information, agency costs, and dynamic trading, Journal of Finance, forthcoming
  20. Harris Trevor, 1997, manuscript
  21. 10.2307/2118350 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Jensen Michael, 1986, Agency cost of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 76, 323
  23. 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X · DOI · Paper page
  24. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb02363.x · DOI · Paper page
  25. 10.1093/rfs/9.1.109 · DOI
  26. King Mervyn, 1977, Public Policy and the Corporation
  27. 10.1111/0022-1082.00115 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb02727.x · DOI · Paper page
  29. Levine Ross, 1998, Stock markets, banks, and economic growth, American Economic Review, 88, 537
  30. Lintner John, 1956, Distribution of income of corporations among dividends, retained earnings, and taxes, American Economic Review, 46, 97
  31. 10.1086/294442 · DOI · Paper page
  32. 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1985.tb02362.x · DOI · Paper page
  33. 10.1016/0304-405X(78)90009-0 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Modigliani Franco, 1958, The cost of capital, corporation finance, and the theory of investment, American Economic Review, 48, 261
  35. 10.3386/w6561 · doi:10.3386/w6561
  36. 10.2307/2534488 · doi:10.2307/2534488
  37. Poterba James, 1984, Journal of Finance, 1397
  38. Poterba James, 1985, Recent Advances in Corporate Finance
  39. Rajan Raghuram, 1995, Journal of Finance, 1421
  40. Zwiebel Jeffrey, 1996, Dynamic capital structure under managerial entrenchment, American Economic Review, 86, 1197

Cited by

See all 3,174

Metadata

Authors
La Porta, R., Lopez‐de‐Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W.
Venue
The Journal of Finance
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2000-02
Volume
55
Issue
1
Pages
1-33
ISSN
  • 0022-1082 (ISSN-L)
  • 1540-6261
OpenAlex
W2891389313
Cited by
3,174
References
3
FWCI
105.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/0022-1082.00199
The paper
La Porta, R., Lopez‐de‐Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (2000). Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World. The Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00199

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.