Cited by 527Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Assessments

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The Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia: The Effectiveness of a Social Skills Training‐based, Cognitive‐behavioural Intervention, with and without Parental Involvement

Spence, Susan H., Donovan, Caroline, Brechman‐Toussaint, Margaret·2000·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00659

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Abstract

Fifty children aged 7–14 years with a principal diagnosis of social phobia were randomly assigned to either child‐focused cognitive‐behaviour therapy (CBT), CBT plus parent involvement, or a wait list control (WLC). The integrated CBT program involved intensive social skills training combined with graded exposure and cognitive challenging. At post‐treatment, significantly fewer children in the treatment conditions retained a clinical diagnosis of social phobia compared to the WLC condition. In comparison to the WLC, children in both CBT interventions showed significantly greater reductions in children's social and general anxiety and a significant increase in parental ratings of child social skills performance. At 12‐month follow‐up, both treatment groups retained their improvement. There was a trend towards superior results when parents were involved in treatment, but this effect was not statistically significant.

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Background
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Self-citation
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BackgroundInfluential
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Background
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“[51, 52]) or aim at enhancing self-esteem specifically (e.”
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“92 for the child interviews; Silverman, Saavedra, & Pina, 2001 ) and is sensitive to treatment effects in studies of youth with anxiety disorders (eg, Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996 ; Kendall et al, 1997 ; Spence, Donovan, & Brechman-Toussaint, 2000 ).”
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“treatment of child internalizing problems has been met with mixed success (e.g., Cobham et al. 2010; Shortt et al. 2001; Spence et al. 2000).”
Background
Treatment Features Associated with Youth Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Follow-Up Effects for Internalizing Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
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“…2000) and booster sessions (Clarke, Rohde, Lewinsohn, Hops, & Seeley, 1999), but these studies have focused on specific treatment targets such as anxiety (Spence et al., 2000) or depression (Clarke et al., 1999), which limits the generalizability of the findings to those specific disorders.”
Background
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Background
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“…ﬁ cally developed to treat childhood SAD, are effective in comparison to waitlist control conditions or active, non-disorder speci ﬁ c interventions (e.g. Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 2000; Donovan, Cobham, Waters, & Occhipinti, 2015; € Ost, Cederlund, & Reuterski € old, 2015; Spence et al., 2000).”
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“21 [PI; Spence et al., 2000].”
Method
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“2001) and is sensitive to treatment effects (Kendall et al. 1997; Spence et al. 2000).”
Background
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Background
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“Spence et al. (2000) also conducted treatment study where 50 children (7–14 years old) with a primary diagnosis of social phobia were randomized to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), CBT with parent involvement, or a wait-list control group.”
Practitioner's Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Social Skills
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Khalid-Khan, S., Santibanez, M.-P., McMicken, C., & Rynn, M. A. (2007) · Pediatric Drugs · doi:10.2165/00148581-200709040-00004 · Cited by 48
Child–Parent Interventions for Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Brendel, K. E., & Maynard, B. R. (2013) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731513503713 · Cited by 58
“Spence, Donovan, and Brechman-Toussaint (2000) used the Social Skills Training: Enhancing Social Competence in Children and Adolescents program.”
Method
CHILDHOOD BEHAVIORAL AND EMOTIONAL DISORDERS
Northey, W. F., Wells, K. C., Silverman, W. K., & Bailey, C. E. (2003) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01693.x · Cited by 48
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Children and Adolescents
Henin, A., Micco, J. A., Schoeller, M., Boudreaux, A., & Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2605-3_19 · Cited by 48
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety and Phobic Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review
King, N. J., Heyne, D. A., & Ollendick, T. H. (2005) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874290503000304 · Cited by 47
Efficacy of cognitive therapy and behavior therapy for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ye, M., Shou, M., Zhang, J., Hu, B., Liu, C., Bi, C., Lv, T., Luo, F., Zhang, Z., Liang, S., et al. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721005407 · Cited by 53
The relationships of child and parent factors with children's anxiety symptoms: Parental anxious rearing as a mediator
Waters, A. M., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Farrell, L. J. (2012) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.06.002 · Cited by 47
The Practice of Evidence-Based Treatments in Ethnic Minority Youth
Kataoka, S., Novins, D. K., & Santiago, C. D. (2010) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2010.07.008 · Cited by 47
“Similar to the literature on depression interventions, studies have also supported the use of CBT as probably efficacious in treating anxiety symptoms in youth for separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, social phobias[39–41], and specific phobias[42], with benefits Kataoka et al.”
Result
Social skills training for children and adolescents
Spence, S. H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99613-6.00014-4 · Cited by 45
Self-citation
History and Overview
Hupp, S. D. A., LeBlanc, M. M., Jewell, J. D., & Warnes, E. D. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0234-4_1 · Cited by 44
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with children who stutter
Kelman, E., & Wheeler, S. (2015) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.256 · Cited by 44
“…been other studies looking at the effectiveness of CBT with other psychological disorders in children such as depression (Compton et al., 2004; Klein et al., 2007); social phobia (Spence et al., 2000); obsessive compulsive disorder (Bolton et al, 2011); and traumatic stress (Gillies at al., 2013).”
Treatment of childhood anxiety disorder in the context of maternal anxiety disorder: a randomised controlled trial and economic analysis
Creswell, C., Cruddace, S., Gerry, S., Gitau, R., McIntosh, E., Mollison, J., Murray, L., Shafran, R., Stein, A. L., Violato, M., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19380 · Cited by 44
The Unique Impact of Parent Training for Separation Anxiety Disorder in Children
Eisen, A. R., Raleigh, H., & Neuhoff, C. C. (2008) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.07.004 · Cited by 43
Research Review: The relationship between social anxiety and social cognition in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Pearcey, S., Gordon, K., Chakrabarti, B., Dodd, H. F., Halldorsson, B., & Creswell, C. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13310 · Cited by 44
“For example, treatments also tend to involve intensive exposure and include parent involvement, which may also contribute to positive treatment outcomes (e.g. Beidel et al., 2000; Spence et al., 2000).”
Background
Parental Opinions Regarding Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder in Youth
CHAVIRA, D. A., STEIN, M. B., BAILEY, K., & STEIN, M. T. (2003) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200310000-00002 · Cited by 45
Treating adolescents with eating disorders in the family context
Lock, J. (2002) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1056-4993(01)00009-8 · Cited by 42
THE TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
Beidel, D. C., Ferrell, C. B., Alfano, C. A., & Yeganeh, R. (2001) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70266-5 · Cited by 44
A randomized controlled study of a social skills training for preadolescent children with autism spectrum disorders: generalization of skills by training parents and teachers?
Dekker, V., Nauta, M. H., Mulder, E. J., Timmerman, M. E., & de Bildt, A. A. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-189 · Cited by 46
“For children with social phobia or specific learning disabilities, SST has been shown to be an effective treatment [18,19].”
Background
‘Outlook’: A Psychological Service for Children with a Different Appearance
Maddern, L., Cadogan, J., & Emerson, M. P. (2006) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104506064987 · Cited by 41
“Learning is optimized through the use of participative and visual methods such as role play using puppets, modelling, and the drawing of difficult social situations and behavioural rehearsal (Spence et al., 2000; Stallard, 2002).”
Method
Direct and Collateral Effects of the First Step to Success Program
Sprague, J. R., & Perkins, K. (2009) · Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions · doi:10.1177/1098300708330935 · Cited by 41
Intensive group-based CBT for child social phobia: a pilot study.
Donovan, C., Cobham, V., Waters, A., & Occhipinti, S. (2015) · The Behavior Therapist · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.12.005 · Cited by 41
Self-citation
Identifying Evidence-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents Using the Range of Possible Changes Model
Reyes, A. D. L., & Kazdin, A. E. (2009) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445509343203 · Cited by 41
Non‐pharmacologic treatments for social anxiety disorder
Zaider, T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2003) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0447.108.s417.8.x · Cited by 40
Multi-Systemic Intervention for School Refusal Behavior: Integrating Approaches across Disciplines
Lyon, A. R., & Cotler, S. (2009) · Advances in School Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/1754730x.2009.9715695 · Cited by 50
“Indeed, social skill interventions are frequently used as a component of individual therapy for school refusal behavior (Heyne et al, 2002; Kearney & Bensaheb, 2006; Spence et al, 2000).”
Background
Developmentally sensitive assessment of social anxiety
Morris, T. L., Hirshfeld‐Becker, D. R., Henin, A., & Storch, E. A. (2004) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(04)80004-x · Cited by 40
Quality of Life of Parents Seeking Mental Health Services for Their Adolescent’s Social Anxiety: Psychometric Properties of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form
Sangraula, A., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2023) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-023-09770-9 · Cited by 38
“…involvement might focus on improving the parents’ abilities to encourage the client’s participation in social activities outside of the sessions, discourage the client’s avoidance and socially anxious behavior, and encourage the client to complete weekly homework tasks (Spence et al., 2000).”
Efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Yang, L., Zhou, X., Pu, J., Liu, L., Cuijpers, P. J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Yuan, S., Teng, T., Tian, L., et al. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1189-x · Cited by 42
Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders
Hudson, J. L. (2005) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.2005.22.2.55 · Cited by 38
Exploring the relevance of expressed emotion to the treatment of social anxiety disorder in adolescence
López, L. J. G., Muela, J. M., Fernández, L. E., & Díaz-Castela, M. D. M. (2009) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.08.001 · Cited by 42
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire for use in adolescents
Gren‐Landell, M., Björklind, A., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., Svedin, C. G., & Andersson, G. (2009) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-3-36 · Cited by 38
“Even though effective psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for childhood SAD exist [10-13] help-seeking is low [4,14,15].”
Brief Clinical Report: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Pain Memory‐reframing Interventions for Children's Needle Procedures
Noel, M. E., McMurtry, C. M., Pavlova, M., & Taddio, A. (2017) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12572 · Cited by 37
Behavioral Intervention for Social Challenges in Children and Adolescents
Darling, S. J., Goods, M., Ryan, N. P., Chisholm, A. K., Haebich, K. M., & Payne, J. M. (2021) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.3982 · Cited by 47
Assessment of Social Anxiety in Adolescents
López, L. J. G., Salvador, M. D. C., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16703-9_6 · Cited by 37
Children's perceptions about their health-related quality of life: effects of a health education-social skills program
Karasimopoulou, S., Derri, V., & Zervoudaki, E. (2012) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cys089 · Cited by 39
“Skills such as the recognition of facial expression, body language or even the way of glance exchanging are very important so as to read the feelings and perspective of people who interact and understand the social rules governing each social environment [22].”
Background

Authors: Spence, S. H., Donovan, C., & Brechman‐Toussaint, M.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
ORCID: Spence, Susan H.
Donovan, Caroline
Venue: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 41
Issue: 6
Pages: 713-726
ISSN: 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
1469-7610
DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00659
OpenAlex: W2111564971
Cited by: 527
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 32.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1137 d)
Locations: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords: social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, parental involvement, graded exposure, social anxiety, treatment retention
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parents, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Socialization, Teaching, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome

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The Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia: The Effectiveness of a Social Skills Training‐based, Cognitive‐behavioural Intervention, with and without Parental Involvement

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