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The Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia: The Effectiveness of a Social Skills Training‐based, Cognitive‐behavioural Intervention, with and without Parental Involvement
Abstract
Fifty children aged 7–14 years with a principal diagnosis of social phobia were randomly assigned to either child‐focused cognitive‐behaviour therapy (CBT), CBT plus parent involvement, or a wait list control (WLC). The integrated CBT program involved intensive social skills training combined with graded exposure and cognitive challenging. At post‐treatment, significantly fewer children in the treatment conditions retained a clinical diagnosis of social phobia compared to the WLC condition. In comparison to the WLC, children in both CBT interventions showed significantly greater reductions in children's social and general anxiety and a significant increase in parental ratings of child social skills performance. At 12‐month follow‐up, both treatment groups retained their improvement. There was a trend towards superior results when parents were involved in treatment, but this effect was not statistically significant.
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“parent-child interaction therapy also seems to be effective for children with SAD [85].”
From The risks versus the benefits of pharmacological intervention in social anxiety disorder in children (2025) · cites this paper as [85]
In the citing paper
“By trying to alter the topography of parent behavior, these interventions neglect to address covert psychological processes that underlie overt parental actions and the reasons why parents engage in unhelpful responses.”
From A Qualitative Study of Participant Feedback on an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Group-Based Intervention for Parents of Youth with Anxiety Disorders. (2026) · cites this paper as [23]
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Social Withdrawal in Childhood
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“…use in both clinical and research settings and has been the interview schedule used in all the published childhood anxiety clinical trials (e.g., Barrett et al., 1996; Beidel et al., 2000; Kendall, 1994; Kendall et al., 1997; Hayward et al., 2000; Silverman et al., 1999a,b; Spence et al., 2000).”
MethodInfluentialWhite, S. W., Keonig, K., & Scahill, L. D. (2006) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0320-x · Cited by 992
“SST has been reported to be an effective component of treatment regimens for many childhood disorders including childhood social phobia ( Spence, Donovan, & Brechman-Toussaint, 2000 ) and specific learning disabilities (Forness & Kavale, 1999).”
BackgroundParenting and childhood anxiety: theory, empirical findings, and future directions
Wood, J. J., McLeod, B. D., Sigman, M., Hwang, W., & Chu, B. C. (2002) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00106 · Cited by 988
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Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub4 · Cited by 876
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“In children and adolescents with SAD, CBT was more effective than a wait-list control condition in two studies (Baer and Garland 2005; Spence et al. 2000), while another study did not find lasting effects (Hayward et al.”
ResultAnxiety Disorders During Childhood and Adolescence: Origins and Treatment
Rapee, R. M., Schniering, C. A., & Hudson, J. L. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153628 · Cited by 821
Family Issues in Child Anxiety: Attachment, Family Functioning, Parental Rearing and Beliefs
Bögels, S. M., & Brechman-Toussaint, M. L. (2006) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.08.001 · Cited by 708
Self-citationEvidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events
Silverman, W. K., Ortiz, C. D., Viswesvaran, C., Burns, B. J., Kolko, D. J., Putnam, F. W., & Amaya-Jackson, L. M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701818293 · Cited by 689
Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
Silverman, W. K., Pina, A. A., & Viswesvaran, C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410701817907 · Cited by 660
“Spence et al. (2000) randomized 50 youth (7–14 years) with SOP (derived using the ADIS-C”
BackgroundMethodCOMPTON, S. N., MARCH, J. S., BRENT, D., ALBANO, A. M., WEERSING, V. R., & CURRY, J. (2004) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000127589.57468.bf · Cited by 616
“Moreover, several studies compared more than one active treatment condition (Barrett, 1998; Barrett et al., 1996; Beidel et al., 2000; Cobham et al., 1998; Flannery-Schroeder and Kendall, 2000; Mendlowitz et al., 1999; Menzies and Clarke, 1993; Muris et al., 2001; Nauta et al., 2003; Silverman et al., 1999b; Spence et…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialResponse rates for CBT for anxiety disorders: need for standardized criteria
Loerinc, A. G., Meuret, A. E., Twohig, M. P., Rosenfield, D., Bluett, E. J., & Craske, M. G. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.08.004 · Cited by 592
Kendall, P. C., Hudson, J. L., Gosch, E., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Suveg, C. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.282 · Cited by 579
Evidence Base Update: 50 Years of Research on Treatment for Child and Adolescent Anxiety
Higa-McMillan, C. K., Francis, S. E., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1046177 · Cited by 557
Connolly, S. D., & Bernstein, G. A. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000246070.23695.06 · Cited by 548
“To provide modifications for social phobia, Spence et al. (2000) have advocated for the inclusion of social skills training and increased social opportunities along with the core CBT components.”
BackgroundMethodEvidence-Based Assessment of Anxiety and Its Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Silverman, W. K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3403_2 · Cited by 576
Fathers' role in the etiology, prevention and treatment of child anxiety: A review and new model
Bögels, S. M., & Phares, V. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.011 · Cited by 571
Sukhodolsky, D. G., Scahill, L. D., Gadow, K. D., Arnold, L. E., Aman, M. G., McDougle, C. J., McCracken, J. T., Tierney, E., White, S. W., Lecavalier, L., et al. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9165-9 · Cited by 553
“Our finding of the significant association between anxiety and impairment in social reciprocity parallels the finding of the significant association between anxiety and social impairment in normally developing children (Spence et al. 2000).”
ResultKendall, P. C., Safford, S., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Webb, A. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.2.276 · Cited by 511
“Strauss (1987) modified the Trait version of the STAIC to be used as a parent report.”
MethodEffects of psychotherapy for anxiety in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review
Reynolds, S., Wilson, C., Austin, J., & Hooper, L. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.01.005 · Cited by 483
Social Skills Training with Children and Young People: Theory, Evidence and Practice
Spence, S. H. (2003) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/1475-3588.00051 · Cited by 490
“Thus the content reflects that used in a range of research studies (see Spence, 1995 for a detailed review) and from the author’s own research with young people presenting with conduct disorder (Spence &Marzillier, 1979, 1981) and social anxiety (Spence et al., 2000).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe treatment of social anxiety disorder
Rodebaugh, T. L., Holaway, R. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.007 · Cited by 424
“, 1999), and only a small subset of these studies have examined treatments specifically designed for children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder (e.g., Beidel et al., 2000; Gallagher, Rabian, & McCloskey, 2004; Hayward et al., 2000; Spence et al., 2000).”
BackgroundThe etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model
Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007 · Cited by 504
“…that include a strong component of social skills training in the treatment of SAD Please cite this article in press as: Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M., The etio Research and Therapy (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.06.007 in youth (Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 2000; Spence et al., 2000).”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationA randomized controlled trial of online versus clinic-based CBT for adolescent anxiety.
Spence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Gamble, A., Anderson, R. E., Prosser, S., & Kenardy, J. (2011) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024512 · Cited by 381
Self-citationPsychotherapy of Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Meta-Analysis
In-Albon, T., & Schneider, S. (2007) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000096361 · Cited by 373
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., Reardon, T., Soler, A., James, G., & Creswell, C. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013162.pub2 · Cited by 344
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., James, G., Cowdrey, F. A., Soler, A., & Choke, A. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub3 · Cited by 337
March, S., Spence, S. H., & Donovan, C. L. (2009) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsn099 · Cited by 315
Self-citationGrist, R., Croker, A., Denne, M., & Stallard, P. (2019) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-018-0271-8 · Cited by 287
Family Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Child Anxiety Disorders
Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Southam‐Gerow, M. A., Chu, B. C., & Sigman, M. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000196425.88341.b0 · Cited by 318
Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood Psychopathology: internalizing disorders
Compton, S. N., Burns, B. J., Egger, H. L., & Robertson, E. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.6.1240 · Cited by 308
Dorsey, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Kerns, S. E. U., Harrison, J. P., Lambert, H. K., Briggs, E. C., Revillion Cox, J., & Amaya-Jackson, L. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1220309 · Cited by 296
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Self-citationCognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Youth
Seligman, L. D., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.003 · Cited by 263
Family-based treatment of childhood anxiety disorders
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“Studies of family-based treatments for child anxiety The advantages of parental involvement in CBT treatments for child anxiety have only been recently discussed (e.g. Barrett et al., 1996a; Barrett et al., 1996b; Barrett, 1998; Ginsburg et al., 1995; Mendlowitz et al., 1999; Spence et al., 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialBodden, D. H. M., Bögels, S. M., Nauta, M. H., De Haan, E., Ringrose, J., Appelboom, C., Brinkman, A. G., & Appelboom-Geerts, K. C. M. M. J. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318189148e · Cited by 249
“Similarly, children with social phobia benefited more from group CBT plus parent training than group CBT alone, but at 12-month followup, this effect was no longer significant.(7) Although some other studies found significant results in favor of parental involvement, this occurred on some questionnaire measures, globa…”
ResultParent Training for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: The SPACE Program
Lebowitz, E. R., Omer, H., Hermes, H., & Scahill, L. (2014) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.10.004 · Cited by 247
“Of the approximately 10 randomized control trials (RCTs) that have compared outcomes for childhood anxiety with and without parental involvement in treatment, one has shown clear benefit of including parents (Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1996), while other have shown nonsignificant trends in this direction (Cobham, Dadds,…”
BackgroundNauta, M. H., Scholing, A., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Minderaa, R. B. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000085752.71002.93 · Cited by 244
Wagner, K. D., Berard, R., Stein, M. B., Wetherhold, E., Carpenter, D. J., Perera, P., Gee, M., Davy, K., & Machin, A. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.11.1153 · Cited by 240
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SET-C Versus Fluoxetine in the Treatment of Childhood Social Phobia
BEIDEL, D. C., TURNER, S. M., SALLEE, F. R., AMMERMAN, R. T., CROSBY, L. A., & PATHAK, S. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318154bb57 · Cited by 223
“Using a sample of children and young adolescents, a comprehensive CBT program (social skills training [SST], relaxation, social problem solving, cognitive interventions, and exposure) with or without parental involvement was significantly superior to waitlist (87.5% versus 58% versus 7%, respectively; Spence et al., 2…”
MethodInfluentialEffect of anxiety reduction on children's school performance and social adjustment.
Wood, J. J. (2006) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.2.345 · Cited by 241
Masia-Warner, C., Klein, R. G., Dent, H. C., Fisher, P. H., Alvir, J., Marie Albano, A., & Guardino, M. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-005-7649-z · Cited by 218
Prevention of Anxiety Symptoms in Children: Results From a Universal School-Based Trial
Essau, C. A., Conradt, J., Sasagawa, S., & Ollendick, T. H. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.08.003 · Cited by 232
“However, in other studies, parental involvement failed to produce superior effects on treatment outcomes (Barrett et al., 1998; Mendlowitz et al., 1999; Nauta et al., 2001, 2003; Spence et al., 2000).”
Treating adolescents with social anxiety disorder in school: an attention control trial
Masia Warner, C., Fisher, P. H., Shrout, P. E., Rathor, S., & Klein, R. G. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01737.x · Cited by 208
Craske, M. G., Niles, A. N., Burklund, L. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Arch, J. J., Saxbe, D. E., & Lieberman, M. D. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037212 · Cited by 206
Anxiety disorders in children: Family matters
Ginsburg, G. S., Siqueland, L., Masia‐Warner, C., & Hedtke, K. A. (2004) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(04)80005-1 · Cited by 199
Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., Soler, A., & Weatherall, R. R. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004690.pub2 · Cited by 215
The Effects of Parent Participation on Child Psychotherapy Outcome: A Meta-Analytic Review
Dowell, K. A., & Ogles, B. M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410903532585 · Cited by 229
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Rao, P. A., Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Ammerman, R. T., Crosby, L. E., & Sallee, F. R. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.07.015 · Cited by 190
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Breinholst, S., Esbjørn, B. H., Reinholdt‐Dunne, M. L., & Stallard, P. N. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.014 · Cited by 210
Hudson, J. L., Rapee, R. M., Lyneham, H. J., McLellan, L. F., Wuthrich, V. M., & Schniering, C. A. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.007 · Cited by 176
“For example, Spence et al. (2000) randomised 7e14 year old children with SoAD (n ¼ 50) to either a waitlist condition or cognitive behavioural treatment (with or without parental involvement).”
MethodFamily Factors in the Development, Treatment, and Prevention of Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Drake, K. L., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2012) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-011-0109-0 · Cited by 212
“However, when FCBT has been compared to child-focused CBT, results have been mixed with some studies showing that FCBT was superior (e.g., Spence et al. 2000; Wood 2006), others showing no differences between FCBT and childfocused CBT (Kendall et al. 2008; Nauta et al. 2003; Suveg et al. 2009), and…”
ResultSocial anxiety in children: Social skills deficit, or cognitive distortion?
Cartwright-Hatton, S., Tschernitz, N., & Gomersall, H. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.003 · Cited by 177
Family-Based Treatment Research: A 10-Year Update
Diamond, G., & Josephson, A. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000169010.96783.4e · Cited by 172
Waldron, H. B., & Kaminer, Y. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00857.x · Cited by 173
“…(Clarke et al. 1992; Rohde et al. 1994; Wood et al. 1996; Brent et al. 1997; Birmaher et al. 2000) and anxiety (Kendall 1994; Kendall et al. 1997; Spence et al. 2000; Barrett et al. 2001) for adult substance abuse and dependence (Kadden et al. 1989; Miller & Heather 1998), and behavioral…”
BackgroundScaini, S., Belotti, R., Ogliari, A. L., & Battaglia, M. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.05.008 · Cited by 185
Rubin, K. H., Coplan, R. J., Bowker, J. C., & Menzer, M. M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444390933.ch23 · Cited by 167
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Empirically tested psychotherapies for youth internalizing and externalizing problems and disorders
Weisz, J. R., Hawley, K. M., & Doss, A. J. (2004) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2004.05.006 · Cited by 166
“Approach [139] Child self-control training and parent contingency management for generalized anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, and social phobia [140] 11 62 — No All Social Skills”
BackgroundParenting Skills and Social–Communicative Competence in Childhood
Hart, C. H., Newell, L. D., & Olsen, S. F. (2003) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) · doi:10.4324/9781410607133.ch19 · Cited by 154
Creswell, C., Nauta, M. H., Hudson, J. L., March, S., Reardon, T. C., Arendt, K. B., Bodden, D. H. M., Cobham, V. E., Donovan, C. L., Halldorsson, B., et al. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13283 · Cited by 157
Self-citationCognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Ishikawa, S., Okajima, I., Matsuoka, H., & Sakano, Y. (2007) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/j.1475-3588.2006.00433.x · Cited by 176
Parental and Peer Predictors of Social Anxiety in Youth
Festa, C. C., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2011) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-011-0215-8 · Cited by 179
“92 for the child interviews) [36] and is sensitive to treatment effects in studies of youth with anxiety disorders [37, 38].”
Velting, O. N., Setzer, N. J., & Albano, A. M. (2004) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.42 · Cited by 149
Cognition in childhood anxiety: conceptual, methodological, and developmental issues
Alfano, C. A., Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(02)00205-2 · Cited by 143
Masia, C. L., Klein, R. G., Storch, E. A., & Corda, B. A. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200107000-00012 · Cited by 149
Practitioner Review: Anxiety disorders in children and young people – assessment and treatment
Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Hudson, J. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13186 · Cited by 140
Can Clark and Wells' (1995) Cognitive Model of Social Phobia be Applied to Young People?
Hodson, K. J., McManus, F. V., Clark, D. M., & Doll, H. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004487 · Cited by 140
Psychopathology of Adolescent Social Phobia
Beidel, D. C., Turner, S. M., Young, B. J., Ammerman, R. T., Sallee, F. R., & Crosby, L. (2007) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9021-1 · Cited by 138
“Such multi-component interventions, combining social skills training and anxiety reduction procedures (e.g., Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 2000; Spence, Donovan, & Brechman-Touissant, 2000 ) have been demonstrated to be efficacious for children and adolescents up to age 14. Currently, a randomized controlled trial examini…”
BackgroundMeiser‐Stedman, R., Smith, P. A., Glucksman, E., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-006-9068-1 · Cited by 137
“Hayward et al., 2000; Spence, Donovan, & Brechman-Toussaint, 2000 ).”
Gearing, R. E., Schwalbe, C. S. J., Lee, R., & Hoagwood, K. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22118 · Cited by 155
“…50 Anxiety No Individual 10 CAPS; C-RIES; CAPS; DSR; RCMAS; ADIS 0.86 0.87 Sofronoff et al. (2005) 23 10.6 87 Anxiety No Individual 6 SCAS; SCAS 0.08 - Spence et al. (2000) 19 10.7 62 Anxiety Yes Group 12 ADIS; RCMAS; SWQ-PU; SCAS 0.54 0.59 Depression and Anxiety aSample size reflects the number…”
InfluentialWhat Is the Evidence for Evidence-Based Treatments? A Hard Look at Our Soft Underbelly
Jensen, P. S., Weersing, V. R., Hoagwood, K., & Goldman, E. E. (2005) · Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s11020-005-1965-3 · Cited by 139
“For example, Spence, Donovan, and Brechman-Toussaint (2000) randomized 50 children to one of three arms: 1) a socialskills-based 12-session training program delivered principally in group settings, followed by booster sessions at 3 and 6 months after the completion of the course; 2) the same…”
BackgroundResultNilsen, T. S., Eisemann, M., & Kvernmo, S. (2013) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0316-3 · Cited by 134
Components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Related to Outcome in Childhood Anxiety Disorders
Ale, C. M., McCarthy, D. M., Rothschild, L. M., & Whiteside, S. P. H. (2015) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-015-0184-8 · Cited by 142
“…WL G Community CADs 71 6–10 Silverman et al. (1999) CBT versus WL G Mixed CADs 41 6–16 Simon et al. (2011) CBT versus WL G Community Subclinical 114 8–13 Spence et al. (2000) CBT versus WL I Clinic SoP 40 7–14 Spence et al. (2006) CBT versus WL G Clinic CADs 43 7–14 Walkup et al. (2008) CBT…”
BackgroundWaters, A. M., Wharton, T. A., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., & Craske, M. G. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.01.002 · Cited by 143
Ranta, K., Kaltiala‐Heino, R., Koivisto, A., Tuomisto, M. T., Pelkonen, M. U. I., & MARTTUNEN, M. J. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.12.006 · Cited by 147
“With the increasing options to treat SP in adolescence (Kendall, 1994; Beidel et al., 2000; Spence et al., 2000; Masia et al., 2001), the development of effective, easyto-use, and age-sensitive screening instruments and diagnostic tools for the assessment of adolescent SP has become all the more…”
BackgroundSigurvinsdóttir, A. L., Jensínudóttir, K. B., Baldvinsdóttir, K. D., Smárason, O., & Skarphedinsson, G. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1686653 · Cited by 130
Warwick, H., Reardon, T., Cooper, P., Murayama, K., Reynolds, S., Wilson, C., & Creswell, C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.12.002 · Cited by 130
MASIA-WARNER, C., STORCH, E. A., PINCUS, D. B., KLEIN, R. G., HEIMBERG, R. G., & LIEBOWITZ, M. R. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000070249.24125.89 · Cited by 169
Davis, T. E., May, A. C., & Whiting, S. E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.01.001 · Cited by 143
Direct comparisons of treatment modalities for youth disorders: a meta-analysis
Miller, S., Wampold, B., & Varhely, K. (2008) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300701472131 · Cited by 126
Chu, B. C., & Harrison, T. (2007) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0028-2 · Cited by 135
Herbert, J. D., Gaudiano, B. A., Rheingold, A. A., Moitra, E., Myers, V. H., Dalrymple, K. L., & Brandsma, L. L. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.06.004 · Cited by 125
“Spence et al. (2000) compared the effectiveness of child-only CBGT (n = 17) to CBGT with a parental component (n = 19), both relative to a waitlist control (WLC) (n = 14).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Parent Involvement in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Children: A Meta-Analysis
Thulin, U., Svirsky, L., Serlachius, E., Andersson, G., & Öst, L.-G. (2014) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2014.923928 · Cited by 124
“…2006), 2. individually without the child (Deblinger et al., 1996; King et al., 2000; Nauta et al., 2001, 2003), 3. in groups with their children (Barrett, 1998; Mendlowitz et al., 1999; Spence et al., 2000), and 4. in groups without their children (Mendlowitz et al., 1999; Öst et al., in press).”
BackgroundThe role of emotion regulation in the treatment of child anxiety disorders
Hannesdottir, D. K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2007) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0024-6 · Cited by 151
“Normative studies on children's development of coping strategies indicate that they frequently use distraction as a way of managing their emotions (Stark et al. 2000).”
BackgroundFamily Treatment of Child Anxiety: Outcomes, Limitations and Future Directions
Creswell, C., & Cartwright‐Hatton, S. (2007) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-007-0019-3 · Cited by 132
“, submitted); Social Skills Questionnaire (parent) (Spence et al., 2000).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDepression and Social Anxiety in Children: Differential Links with Coping Strategies
Wright, M. L., Banerjee, R., Hoek, W., Rieffe, C., & Novin, S. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9375-4 · Cited by 133
“Our evidence of differentiation between social anxiety and depression in terms of coping with a social stressor may have important clinical implications, insofar as current interventions often focus on the same or similar coping strategies when treating both conditions (e.g., Spence et al. 2002; Horowitz and Garber 20…”
BackgroundInfluentialSpence, S. H., Donovan, C. L., March, S., Gamble, A., Anderson, R., Prosser, S., Kercher, A., & Kenardy, J. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246580800444x · Cited by 120
“Dadds, Davey and Field, 2001; Ollendick, King and Muris, 2002; Rapee and Spence, 2004; Silverman and Treffers, 2001; Vasey and Dadds, 2001) and evidence-based, cognitive-behavioural interventions for childhood anxiety (Barrett, 1998; Kendall, 1994; Rapee, Wignall, Hudson and Schniering, 2000; Spence, Donovan and Brech…”
BackgroundKokkinos, C. M. (2013) · Journal of School Violence · doi:10.1080/15388220.2013.766134 · Cited by 120
Burns, B. J., & Hoagwood, K. (2002) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.001.0001 · Cited by 282
Waters, A. M., Ford, L. A., Wharton, T. A., & Cobham, V. E. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.04.008 · Cited by 119
Spielmans, G. I., Pasek, L. F., & McFall, J. P. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2006.06.001 · Cited by 121
Burchard, J. D., Bruns, E. J., & Burchard, S. N. (2002) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134575.003.0004 · Cited by 117
Unique Associations Between Peer Relations and Social Anxiety in Early Adolescence
Flanagan, K. S., Erath, S. A., & Bierman, K. L. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374410802359700 · Cited by 120
“Although several interventions have yielded significant improvements in social anxiety and peer relations (Beidel, Turner, & Morris, 2000 ; Spence, Donovan, & Brechman-Toussaint, 2000 ), the efficiency and effectiveness of interventions might be improved by matching intervention components to individual needs more spe…”
BackgroundMuris, P., Meesters, C. M. G., & van Melick, M. (2002) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(02)00025-3 · Cited by 120
Metadata
- Authors
- Spence, S. H., Donovan, C., & Brechman‐Toussaint, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 713-726
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2111564971
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 32.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Griffith Research Online (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, parental involvement, graded exposure, social anxiety, treatment retention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Child, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Parents, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Socialization, Teaching, Time Factors, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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