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Cited by 181Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisCriminal Justice and PenologyCrime Patterns and Interventions

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DOES IMPRISONMENT ALTER THE LIFE COURSE? EVIDENCE ON CRIME AND EMPLOYMENT FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT

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LOEFFLER, CHARLES E.·2013·Criminology
DOI 10.1111/1745-9125.12000
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Abstract

Ex‐prisoners consistently manifest high rates of criminal recidivism and unemployment. Existing explanations for these poor outcomes emphasize the stigmatizing effects of imprisonment on prisoners seeking postrelease employment as well as the deleterious effects of imprisonment on prisoners’ attitudes and capabilities. However, these explanations must be distinguished from selection effects in the criminal sentencing process, which also could explain some or all of these poor outcomes. To distinguish between criminogenic and selection explanations for ex‐prisoners’ postrelease experience, I analyze data from a natural experiment in which criminal cases were assigned randomly to judges with sizable sentencing disparities. Using these exogenous sentencing disparities, I produce unbiased estimates of the causal effects of imprisonment on the life course. The results of this analysis suggest that selection effects could be sufficiently large to account for prisoners’ poor postrelease outcomes because judges with large sentencing disparities in their use of imprisonment had similarly high caseload unemployment and criminal recidivism rates.

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 21

  1. Bartolomeo John, 1981, Sentencing Decision‐Making: The Logic of Sentence Decisions and the Extent and Sources of Sentencing Disparity
  2. Berecochea John, 1981, Time Served in Prison and Parole Outcome: An Experimental Study
  3. Borjas George, 2005, Labor Economics
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  10. Gottfredson Don M., 1998, Choosing Punishments: Crime Control Effects of Sentences
  11. Holzer Harry J., 2007, The effect of an applicant's criminal history on employer hiring decisions and screening practices: Evidence from Los Angeles. In Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post‐Industrial America
  12. Irwin John, 1970, The Felon
  13. Irwin John, 2005, The Warehouse Prison: Disposal of the New Dangerous Underclass
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  15. Partridge Anthony, 1974, The Second Circuit Sentencing Study: A Report to the Judges of the Second Circuit
  16. Pettit Becky, 2007, Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post‐Industrial America
  17. 10.1080/00031305.1985.10479383 · DOI
  18. Sabol William, 2007, Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post‐Industrial America
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  20. Tyler John H., 2007, Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post‐Industrial America
  21. Wilkins Leslie T., 1958, A small comparative study of the results of probation, British Journal of Criminology, 8, 201

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Metadata

Authors
LOEFFLER, C. E.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
LOEFFLER, CHARLES E.
ORCID
LOEFFLER, CHARLES E.
Venue
Criminology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2013-01-24
Volume
51
Issue
1
Pages
137-166
ISSN
  • 0011-1384 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-9125
DOI
10.1111/1745-9125.12000
OpenAlex
W2167969514
Cited by
181
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5
FWCI
32.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Criminology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
  • Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords
incarceration, recidivism, post-release employment, unemployment, selection effects, sentencing disparities, judges, life course, criminogenic effects, stigmatization

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