Gender Differences in Acute and Chronic Pain in the Emergency Department: Results of the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference Pain Section
Open accessAbstract
Pain is a leading public health problem in the United States, with an annual economic burden of more than $630 billion, and is one of the most common reasons that individuals seek emergency department (ED) care. There is a paucity of data regarding sex differences in the assessment and treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions in the ED. The Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference convened in Dallas, Texas, in May 2014 to develop a research agenda to address this issue among others related to sex differences in the ED. Prior to the conference, experts and stakeholders from emergency medicine and the pain research field reviewed the current literature and identified eight candidate priority areas. At the conference, these eight areas were reviewed and all eight were ratified using a nominal group technique to build consensus. These priority areas were: 1) gender differences in the pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for pain, including differences in opioid tolerance, side effects, or misuse; 2) gender differences in pain severity perceptions, clinically meaningful differences in acute pain, and pain treatment preferences; 3) gender differences in pain outcomes of ED patients across the life span; 4) gender differences in the relationship between acute pain and acute psychological responses; 5) the influence of physician-patient gender differences and characteristics on the assessment and treatment of pain; 6) gender differences in the influence of acute stress and chronic stress on acute pain responses; 7) gender differences in biological mechanisms and molecular pathways mediating acute pain in ED populations; and 8) gender differences in biological mechanisms and molecular pathways mediating chronic pain development after trauma, stress, or acute illness exposure. These areas represent priority areas for future scientific inquiry, and gaining understanding in these will be essential to improving our understanding of sex and gender differences in the assessment and treatment of pain conditions in emergency care settings.
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Differences in the experience of pain between women and men are extensive and include severity and intensity of reported pain, pain sensitivity, prevalence of chronic pain, pain associated to distress and anxiety, and pain-induced hyperalgesia.
“Differences in the experience of pain between women and men are extensive and include severity and intensity of reported pain, pain sensitivity, prevalence of CP, pain associated to distress and anxiety, and pain-induced hyperalgesia.67–69”
From <p>Pain and Evil: From Local Nociception to Misery Following Social Harm</p> (2020) · cites this paper as [67]
The Introduction and Results (Priority Areas 3 and 7; page unavailable) report sex differences in pain severity, intensity, sensitivity, and chronic-pain prevalence. Priority Area 4 describes sex differences in pain-related distress, but does not specifically establish a difference in anxiety. Priority Area 6 discusses stress-induced—not pain-induced—hyperalgesia and says gender differences in that response need further study. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Musey, P. I., Linnstaedt, S. D., Platts-Mills, T. F., Miner, J. R., Bortsov, A. V., Safdar, B., Bijur, P., Rosenau, A., Tsze, D. S., Chang, A. K., Dorai, S., Engel, K. G., Feldman, J. A., Fusaro, A. M., Lee, D. C., Rosenberg, M., Keefe, F. J., Peak, D. A., Nam, C. S., Patel, R. G., Fillingim, R. B., & McLean, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Department of Emergency Medicine; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Montefiore Medical Center (US)
- Lehigh Valley Health Network (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- North Shore University Hospital (US)
- New York Medical College (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Musey, Paul I.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Academic Emergency Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-11-24
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1421-1430
- ISSN
- 1069-6563 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4390133
- OpenAlex
- W2005881219
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Academic Emergency Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r13ns087861-01)
- National Institute on Aging (K23AG038548)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R13 NS087861, 1R13NS087861-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Anesthesia and Pain Management
- Keywords
- sex differences, gender differences, acute pain, chronic pain, emergency department care, pain assessment, pain management, opioid tolerance, physician-patient relationship, acute stress, chronic stress, research priorities
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Chronic Disease, Emergency Medicine, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Pain, Pain Measurement, Physician-Patient Relations, Public Health, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Stress, Psychological, Texas, United States, Consensus, Pain Management
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