Cited by 429Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchTrauma and Emergency Care StudiesTraumatic Brain Injury Research

Morphine use after combat injury in Iraq and post-traumatic stress disorder

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Holbrook, Troy Lisa, Galarneau, Michael R., Dye, Judy L., Quinn, Kimberly, Dougherty, Amber L.·2010·New England Journal of Medicine

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common adverse mental health outcome among seriously injured civilians and military personnel who are survivors of trauma. Pharmacotherapy in the aftermath of serious physical injury or exposure to traumatic events may be effective for the secondary prevention of PTSD. METHODS: We identified 696 injured U.S. military personnel without serious traumatic brain injury from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database. Complete data on medications administered were available for all personnel selected. The diagnosis of PTSD was obtained from the Career History Archival Medical and Personnel System and verified in a review of medical records. RESULTS: Among the 696 patients studied, 243 received a diagnosis of PTSD and 453 did not. The use of morphine during early resuscitation and trauma care was significantly associated with a lower risk of PTSD after injury. Among the patients in whom PTSD developed, 61% received morphine; among those in whom PTSD did not develop, 76% received morphine (odds ratio, 0.47; P<0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for injury severity, age, mechanism of injury, status with respect to amputation, and selected injury-related clinical factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the use of morphine during trauma care may reduce the risk of subsequent development of PTSD after serious injury.

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Crossref · 10.1056/nejmoa0903326

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39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Morphine has been studied as a possible intervention for fear memory consolidation, but it is unclear whether its analgesic properties reduce the potency of the CS+ or act through a separate mechanism.

    “Morphine has also been studied as a possible intervention of fear memory consolidation; however, it is not clear whether morphine's analgesic properties act to reduce the potency of the CS+ or are acting through a separate mechanism (61, 62).”

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Authors
Holbrook, T. L., Galarneau, M. R., Dye, J. L., Quinn, K., & Dougherty, A. L.
Affiliations
Naval Health Research Center (US)
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Published
2010-01-14
Volume
362
Issue
2
Pages
110-117
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
OpenAlex
W2117408205
Cited by
429
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 34
FWCI
47.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords
morphine, post-traumatic stress disorder, war injuries, military personnel, trauma care, opioid analgesics, secondary prevention, injury severity, Iraq War
MeSH terms
Adult, Analgesics, Opioid, Drug Utilization, Emergency Medical Services, Emergency Treatment, Female, Humans, Male, Military Medicine, Military Personnel, Morphine, Risk, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Warfare, Wounds and Injuries, Survivors, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Young Adult

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