Comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial DNA diversity in Chinese cattle
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences of 1105 individuals were used to assess the diversity of maternal lineages of cattle populations in China. In total, 250 taurine and 88 zebu haplotypes were identified. Five main haplogroups-T1a, T2, T3, T4 and T5-were identified in Bos taurus, whereas Bos indicus harbored two haplogroups-I1 and I2. Our results suggest that the distribution of T1a in Asia was concentrated mainly in the northeast region (northeast China, Korea and Japan); haplogroups T2, T3 and T4 were predominant in Chinese cattle; and T5 was sporadically detected in Mongolian and Pingwu cattle. In contrast to the widespread presence of I1, I2 was distributed only in southwestern China (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Tibet Autonomous Region) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. This is the first time that all five taurine haplogroups and two zebu haplogroups have been found in Mongolian cattle. In addition, eight individuals in Tibetan cattle carried the Bos grunniens mtDNA type. The high mtDNA diversity (H = 0.904 ± 0.008) and the weak genetic structure among the 57 Chinese cattle breeds/populations are consistent with their complex historical background, migration route and ecological environment.
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During the late Neolithic (4000-5000 years ago), taurine cattle were introduced to East Asia from West Asia, carrying T3 and the East Asian-specific T4 haplogroups.
“During the late Neolithic (4000–5000 years ago), taurine cattle were introduced to East Asia from West Asia, carrying T3 and the East Asian-specific T4 haplogroups [9,33,55,56,57].”
From The Genomic Landscape of Cattle: Domestication, Dispersal, and Adaptive Evolution (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Xia, X., Qu, K., Zhang, G., Jia, Y., Ma, Z., Zhao, X., Huang, Y., Chen, H., Huang, B., & Lei, C.
- Affiliations
- Northwest A&F University (CN)
- Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science Kunming Yunnan 650212 China
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Qinghai University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, B.
- Lei, C.
- Venue
- Animal Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-11-13
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-73
- ISSN
- 0268-9146 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2052
- OpenAlex
- W2901422125
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Animal Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872317)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Keywords
- mitochondrial DNA, D-loop, cattle, maternal lineage, haplogroups, taurine cattle, Bos indicus, yak, Mongolian cattle, Chinese cattle breeds, genetic diversity, population structure, migration history
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Breeding, Cattle, China, DNA, Mitochondrial, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Genetic Variation
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