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Cited by 402Muscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Mechanism of work-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle

GOLDBERG, ALFRED L., ETLINGER, JOSEPH D., GOLDSPINK, DAVID F., JABLECKI, CHARLES·1975·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
DOI 10.1249/00005768-197500730-00016
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Abstract

Skeletal muscle can undergo rapid growth in response to a sudden increase in work load. For example, the rat soleus muscle increases in weight by 40% within six days after the tendon of the synergistic gastrocnemius is sectioned. Such growth of the overworked muscle involves an enlargement of muscle fibers and occasional longitudinal splitting. Hypertrophy leads to greater maximal tension development, although decreased contraction time and reduced contractility have also been reported. Unlike normal developmental growth, work-induced hypertrophy can be induced in hypophysectomized or diabetic animals. This process thus appears independent of growth hormone and insulin as well as testosterone and thyroid hormones. Hypertrophy of the soleus can also be induced in fasting animals, in which there is a generalized muscle wasting. Thus muscular activity takes precedence over endocrine influences on muscle size. The increase in muscle weight reflects an increase in protein, especially sarcoplasmic protein, and results from greater protein synthesis and reduced protein breakdown. Within several hours after operation, the hypertrophying soleus shows more rapid uptake of certain amino acids and synthesis of phosphatidyl-inositol. By 8 hours, protein synthesis is enhanced. RNA synthesis also increases, and hypertrophy can be prevented with actinomycin D. Nuclear DNA synthesis also increases on the second day after operation and leads to a greater DNA content. The significance of the in…

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  • Mechanical loading in the form of resistance exercise or synergist ablation stimulates skeletal muscle growth.

    “Mechanical loading, in the form of resistance exercise or synergist ablation, stimulates skeletal muscle growth (42).”

    From The Hippo signal transduction network for exercise physiologists (2016) · cites this paper as [42]

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Authors
GOLDBERG, A. L., ETLINGER, J. D., GOLDSPINK, D. F., & JABLECKI, C.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
ORCID
GOLDBERG, ALFRED L.
Venue
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1975
Volume
7
Issue
3
Pages
185???198
ISSN
0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1249/00005768-197500730-00016
OpenAlex
W2086914553
Cited by
402
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 9
FWCI
1.48
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
skeletal muscle hypertrophy, soleus muscle, protein synthesis, protein degradation, sarcoplasmic proteins, amino acid uptake, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, satellite cells, electrical stimulation, passive stretch, muscle atrophy, compensatory growth, insulin independence
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Amino Acids, Animals, Biological Transport, Active, Cell Division, DNA, Electric Stimulation, Cardiomegaly, Hypertrophy, Leg, Lipids, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Muscles, Organ Size, Phosphatidylinositols, Physical Conditioning, Animal, RNA, Muscle Development, Rats

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