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Cited by 363

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 170 of the 170 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Shrinking body sizes in response to warming: explanations for the temperature–size rule with special emphasis on the role of oxygen

Open access
Verberk, Wilco C.E.P., Atkinson, David, Hoefnagel, K. Natan, Hirst, Andrew G., Horne, Curtis R., Siepel, Henk·2021·Biological Reviews
DOI 10.1111/brv.12653
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Abstract

Body size is central to ecology at levels ranging from organismal fecundity to the functioning of communities and ecosystems. Understanding temperature‐induced variations in body size is therefore of fundamental and applied interest, yet thermal responses of body size remain poorly understood. Temperature–size (T–S) responses tend to be negative (e.g. smaller body size at maturity when reared under warmer conditions), which has been termed the temperature–size rule (TSR). Explanations emphasize either physiological mechanisms (e.g. limitation of oxygen or other resources and temperature‐dependent resource allocation) or the adaptive value of either a large body size (e.g. to increase fecundity) or a short development time (e.g. in response to increased mortality in warm conditions). Oxygen limitation could act as a proximate factor, but we suggest it more likely constitutes a selective pressure to reduce body size in the warm: risks of oxygen limitation will be reduced as a consequence of evolution eliminating genotypes more prone to oxygen limitation. Thus, T–S responses can be explained by the ‘Ghost of Oxygen‐limitation Past’, whereby the resulting (evolved) T–S responses safeguard sufficient oxygen provisioning under warmer conditions, reflecting the balance between oxygen supply and demands experienced by ancestors. T–S responses vary considerably across species, but some of this variation is predictable. Body‐size reductions with warming are stronger in aquatic taxa than in terrestrial taxa. We discuss whether larger aquatic taxa may especially face greater risks of oxygen limitation as they grow, which may be manifested at the cellular level, the level of the gills and the whole‐organism level. In contrast to aquatic species, terrestrial ectotherms may be less prone to oxygen limitation and prioritize early maturity over large size, likely because overwintering is more challenging, with concomitant stronger end‐of season time constraints. Mechanisms related to time constraints and oxygen limitation are not mutually exclusive explanations for the TSR. Rather, these and other mechanisms may operate in tandem. But their relative importance may vary depending on the ecology and physiology of the species in question, explaining not only the general tendency of negative T–S responses but also variation in T–S responses among animals differing in mode of respiration (e.g. water breathers versus air breathers), genome size, voltinism and thermally associated behaviour (e.g. heliotherms).

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Metadata

Authors
Verberk, W. C. E. P., Atkinson, D., Hoefnagel, K. N., Hirst, A. G., Horne, C. R., & Siepel, H.
Venue
Biological Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-09-22
Volume
96
Issue
1
Pages
247-268
ISSN
  • 0006-3231 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-7931
  • 1469-185X
DOI
10.1111/brv.12653
OpenAlex
W3087646956
Cited by
363
References
170
FWCI
3.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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