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Cited by 74Down syndrome and intellectual disability researchFetal and Pediatric Neurological DisordersGenetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

New approaches to studying early brain development in Down syndrome

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Baburamani, Ana A, Patkee, Prachi A, Arichi, Tomoki, Rutherford, Mary A·2019·Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
DOI 10.1111/dmcn.14260PMC PMC6618001
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Abstract

Down syndrome is the most common genetic developmental disorder in humans and is caused by partial or complete triplication of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). It is a complex condition which results in multiple lifelong health problems, including varying degrees of intellectual disability and delays in speech, memory, and learning. As both length and quality of life are improving for individuals with Down syndrome, attention is now being directed to understanding and potentially treating the associated cognitive difficulties and their underlying biological substrates. These have included imaging and postmortem studies which have identified decreased regional brain volumes and histological anomalies that accompany early onset dementia. In addition, advances in genome‐wide analysis and Down syndrome mouse models are providing valuable insight into potential targets for intervention that could improve neurogenesis and long‐term cognition. As little is known about early brain development in human Down syndrome, we review recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging that allow non‐invasive visualization of brain macro‐ and microstructure, even in utero. It is hoped that together these advances may enable Down syndrome to become one of the first genetic disorders to be targeted by antenatal treatments designed to ‘normalize’ brain development. What this paper adds: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide non‐invasive characterization of early brain development in Down syndrome. Down syndrome mouse models enable study of underlying pathology and potential intervention strategies. Potential therapies could modify brain structure and improve early cognitive levels. Down syndrome may be the first genetic disorder to have targeted therapies which alter antenatal brain development.

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  • Gross anatomical differences in brain structure are apparent in fetal and neonatal brains of individuals with Down syndrome, including reductions in overall brain volume, white matter volume, gyral complexity, sulcal depth and growth of the cortical plate.

    “Gross anatomical differences in brain structure are apparent in the fetal and neonatal brains of individuals with DS, including reductions in overall brain volume, white matter volume, gyral complexity, sulcal depth and growth of the cortical plate6,8–15.”

    From Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Baburamani, A. A., Patkee, P. A., Arichi, T., & Rutherford, M. A.
Affiliations
St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
Corresponding author
Rutherford, Mary A
ORCID
Venue
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-05-17
Volume
61
Issue
8
Pages
867-879
ISSN
  • 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-8749
DOI
10.1111/dmcn.14260
PMC
PMC6618001
OpenAlex
W2945416878
Cited by
74
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
FWCI
1.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Medical Research Council (MR/K006355/1)
  • Rosetrees Trust (A1563)
  • Sparks
  • Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children (V5318)
  • Wellcome Trust (WT 203148/Z/16/Z)
  • Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
  • King’s College London
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Keywords
Down syndrome, early brain development, neurogenesis, intellectual disability, fetal therapy, brain structure, brain microstructure, cognitive impairment, antenatal interventions
MeSH terms
Brain, Down Syndrome, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuroimaging

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