Pediatric neuroimaging using magnetic resonance imaging during non-sedated sleep
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BACKGROUND: Etiological studies of many neurological and psychiatric disorders are increasingly turning toward longitudinal investigations of infant brain development in order to discern predisposing structural and/or functional differences prior to the onset of overt clinical symptoms. While MRI provides a noninvasive window into the developing brain, MRI of infants and toddlers is challenging due to the modality's extreme motion sensitivity and children's difficulty in remaining still during image acquisition. OBJECTIVE: Here, we outline a broad research protocol for successful MRI of children under 4 years of age during natural, non-sedated sleep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All children were imaged during natural, non-sedated sleep. Active and passive measures to reduce acoustic noise were implemented to reduce the likelihood of the children waking up during acquisition. Foam cushions and vacuum immobilizers were used to limit intra-scan motion artifacts. RESULTS: More than 380 MRI datasets have been successfully acquired from 220 children younger than 4 years of age within the past 39 months. Implemented measures permitted children to remain asleep for the duration of the scan and allowed the data to be acquired with an overall 97% success rate. CONCLUSION: The proposed method greatly advances current pediatric imaging techniques and may be readily implemented in other research and clinical settings to facilitate and further improve pediatric neuroimaging.
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The strategy of template creation mirrors prior work that has been shown to successfully create structural and quantitative MRI templates of the pediatric brain.
“this strategy of template creation mirrors our prior work that has been shown to successfully create structural and quantitative MRI templates of the pediatric brain (Deoni et al., 2012, Dean et al., 2014).”
From Quantifying cortical development in typically developing toddlers and young children, 1–6 years of age (2017) · cites this paper as Dean et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Dean, D. C., Dirks, H., O’Muircheartaigh, J., Walker, L., Jerskey, B. A., Lehman, K., Han, M., Waskiewicz, N., & Deoni, S. C. L.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dean, Douglas C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pediatric Radiology
- Published
- 2013-08-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-72
- ISSN
- 0301-0449 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1998
- PMC
- PMC3889986
- OpenAlex
- W2012134441
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 3.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pediatric Radiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (096195)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH087510)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
- Keywords
- pediatric neuroimaging, infant brain development, motion artifacts, acoustic noise reduction, immobilization, children under 4 years, longitudinal brain development
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Child, Preschool, Equipment Design, Humans, Image Enhancement, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Restraint, Physical, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sleep, Reproducibility of Results, Procedural Sedation, Equipment Failure Analysis, Patient Positioning, Neuroimaging
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