The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 47 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria
Open accessAbstract
CRISPR-Cas are self-/nonself-discriminating systems found in prokaryotic cells. They represent a remarkable example of molecular memory that is hereditarily transmitted. Their discovery can be considered as one of the first fruits of the systematic exploration of prokaryotic genomes. Although this genomic feature was serendipitously discovered in molecular biology studies, it was the availability of multiple complete genomes that shed light about their role as a genetic immune system. Here we tell the story of how this discovery originated and was slowly and painstakingly advanced to the point of understating the biological role of what initially was just an odd genomic feature.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This is a historical account by Mojica and Rodríguez-Valera of how CRISPR was discovered in archaea and bacteria, beginning with an unexpected 30-bp repeat pattern in *Haloferax mediterranei* in 1992. It traces how exploratory prokaryotic genomics and spacer-matching analyses led to the recognition of CRISPR-Cas as an adaptive immune system.
Key findings
- The first CRISPR-like repeats were found serendipitously in *Haloferax mediterranei*: DNA segments 30 bp long repeated at regular distances, with at least 14 almost perfectly conserved repeats flanked at one end by a highly degenerated copy.
- Similar arrays were already known in bacteria: *E. coli* K12 had two DNA segments with 14 and 7 copies of a 29-bp sequence, and *Mycobacterium bovis* BCG had an array with 49 copies of a 36-bp direct repeat separated by 35–41 bp spacers.
- By the end of the century, regularly spaced repeats had been discovered in 12 species of archaea and bacteria, with open access to 26 completed microbial genomes; a comprehensive study showed wide distribution and hinted at ancestral origin and high biological relevance.
- Spacer analysis in *E. coli* showed that about 2% of spacers from 61 additional strains matched sequences in non-CRISPR loci, invariably in genetic elements of the corresponding spacer-carrier species, supporting CRISPR as an immunity system against foreign DNA.
Methods
- Historical narrative/perspective article, not a primary experimental study; it recounts the authors’ discovery process and the field’s development.
- Sources include the authors’ recollections, an unpublished Sanger sequencing gel dated 21/08/1992, an unpublished doctoral thesis, and published literature on CRISPR and prokaryotic genomes.
- Main analysis is chronological and descriptive, linking early repeat observations, genome sequencing advances, spacer database searches, and later experimental demonstrations by other groups.
Limitations
- Not stated in the paper: the article does not include a formal limitations section.
- Evident from the text: it is a retrospective personal account, so it may be shaped by recall and perspective rather than systematic review.
- Evident from the text: some reported experiments are unpublished results, and the authors describe publication rejections and lack of solid experimental evidence at the time, which limits the strength of the early immunity claims.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
0 of 47 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When experiments equivalent to those previously performed in H. volcanii were replicated in E. coli, no clear phenotype was seen.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“DNA segments, 30 bp long, were repeated at regular distances (Fig. 2A).”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“In the exceptional cases where the cell harboured one of these protospacer-carriers, the similarity between the spacer and its homolog segment was markedly diminished with respect to the protospacer consensus sequence.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“Firstly, the possibility that TREPs could serve as frequent recombination sites, and hence recombination as the main biological role of TREPs, was dismissed.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“additional sequencing experiments confirmed the presence in this region of at least 14 almost perfectly conserved (one occasional mismatch) repeats flanked at one end by a highly degenerated copy.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“They were located in a, seemingly, noncoding area next to open reading frames (ORFs) that did not show homology to any known protein [4].”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedSingle caseTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, additional studies did not provide any evidence of an involvement of the E. coli repeats in the partition apparatus.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Moreover, plasmids or viruses containing spacer-matching sequences (named protospacers) were usually absent in the spacer-carrier.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“Even though salt-dependent transcription of genes surrounding the haloarchaeal repeats (by then called TREPs after Tandem REPeats) was detected, their implication in exclusively transcription regulation of a few genes was questionable due to the large size of the repeat loci.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Not matched
In the paper
“Then, three additional spacers were found to be similar to sequences in either that bacteriophage or in a conjugative plasmid of E. coli.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, highly variable results were obtained upon deletion of phage-homologous spacers on susceptibility to infection, as well as when analysing transformation efficiency of recombinant plasmids containing spacer-matching sequences (unpublished results).”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Then, a reduction in cell viability detected in these cultures, concomitant with the appearance of cells with reduced chromosomal content, was seen as a sign of incompatibility between replicons containing the repeats, hinting at a role for TREPs in replicon partitioning [9].”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“To corroborate this finding, the spacers of 61 additional strains, including all available complete genomes, were subjected to the same sort of analysis, turning out that about a 2% of them matched sequences in non-CRISPR loci, invariably in genetic elements of the corresponding spacer-carrier species [11].”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, repeat binding proteins could not be recovered from cell extracts and topology of recombinant plasmids was not affected by the presence of repeat stretches.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“This comprehensive study demonstrated the wide distribution of this sort of redundant sequences across a wide microbial diversity, hinting at an ancestral origin and high biological relevance [13].”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“TREP sequences were found in the chromosome and a large plasmid of both H. mediterranei and Haloferax volcanii, and hybridization assays disclosed the presence of similar repeats in a second haloarchaeal genus, Haloarcula.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Northern blots hybridized with probes of the repeat region revealed multiple transcripts, suggesting that highly processed RNAs derived from the repeat arrays (Fig. 3).”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Together with the CRISPRassociated (Cas) proteins, they are the main constituents of the CRISPR-Cas systems that provide prokaryotes with acquired immunity and contribute other unrelated functions such as gene regulation.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“These signatures, today known as Protospacer Adjacent Motifs (PAMs), were afterwards shown to be a common feature in diverse CRISPR systems [22] where PAM recognition is a requisite for both spacer uptake and target interference [23].”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [22]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [23]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although this genomic feature was serendipitously discovered in molecular biology studies”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Abstract
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“We know now that CRISPR can acquire spacers from, and eventually interfere with, RNA [32] and/or DNA molecules, depending on the particular system.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“They represent a remarkable example of molecular memory that is hereditarily transmitted.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Taken together, these findings strongly supported a connection between CRISPR and immunity against foreign DNA, most likely guided by CRISPR-RNA molecules.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Their existence proves that prokaryotic genomes are environment tuned.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Besides, target cleavage is not the only way CRISPR may act and roles beyond immunity, notably through regulation of gene expression [33], are played by specific systems.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Whereas regularly spaced repeats had not been seen before in archaea, similarly arranged structures had been reported in the chromosome of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) [5] and Grampositive (Mycobacterium spp.) [6] bacteria.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“not to mention the average 10% non-coding DNA [38] present in all these genomes.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > phenotypic properties in bacterial populations.
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR for short, form arrays of up to several hundred units in the genome of many bacteria and archaea.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It seems appropriate to remember here that the great motor of molecular biology during the XX th century, molecular cloning, was made possible by restriction endonucleases and plasmid vectors, both derived from serendipitous discoveries of prokaryotic cell biology features involved in self/nonself discrimination as well.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > phenotypic properties in bacterial populations.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“CRISPR-Cas are self/non-self discriminating systems found in prokaryotic cells.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Nonetheless, given that protospacers were also detected in chromosomal regions, a regulatory role for CRISPR was inferred, resembling the eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism [11].”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“There are orphan CRISPR arrays in prokaryotic genomes and viruses [34,35], as well as CRISPR-like stretches in eukaryotic viruses [36] and mitochondria [13], most of which are enigmatic regarding their activity or function.”
§ The discovery of CRISPR in archaea and bacteria > Accepted Article
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [36]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
The four selected microorganisms (E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Sulfolobus, and Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum) are representative of their respective prokaryotic groups such that common observations about their CRISPR loci apply to prokaryotes in general.
“Four microorganisms were selected, as representatives of their respective prokaryotic groups, for further analysis: E. coli (Gram-negative bacteria), Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram-positive bacteria), Sulfolobus (crenarchaea) and Methanothermobacter thermoautotrophicum (euryarchaea).”
“Hence, common observations related to their CRISPR loci would provide conclusions applying to the prokaryotes in general.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Cited works that were retracted
Works this paper cites that were later retracted, from the retraction notices publishers deposit. Major when the notice came out before this paper was published.
Cites a retracted work: 10.1038/nbt.3547
InfoThe cited work was retracted on 2017-07-26 (notice 10.1038/nbt0817-797a), not before this paper was published (2016-06-15).
Cited work 10.1038/nbt.3547 · retracted 2017-07-26 · notice 10.1038/nbt0817-797a · this paper published 2016-06-15
“10.1038/nbt.3547”
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
DNA-guided genome editing using the Natronobacterium gregoryi Argonaute
Gao, F., Shen, X. Z., Jiang, F., Wu, Y., & Han, C. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3547 · Cited by 170
RetractedCRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes
Barrangou, R., Fremaux, C., Deveau, H., Richards, M., Boyaval, P., Moineau, S., Romero, D. A., & Horvath, P. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138140 · Cited by 5,947
An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems
Makarova, K. S., Wolf, Y. I., Alkhnbashi, O. S., Costa, F., Shah, S. A., Saunders, S. J., Barrangou, R., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Haft, D. H., et al. (2015) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro3569 · Cited by 2,480
Self-citationSmall CRISPR RNAs Guide Antiviral Defense in Prokaryotes
Brouns, S. J. J., Jore, M. M., Lundgren, M., Westra, E. R., Slijkhuis, R. J. H., Snijders, A. P. L., Dickman, M. J., Makarova, K. S., Koonin, E. V., & van der Oost, J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1159689 · Cited by 2,460
Ishino, Y., Shinagawa, H., Makino, K., Amemura, M., & Nakata, A. (1987) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.169.12.5429-5433.1987 · Cited by 2,421
The CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system cleaves bacteriophage and plasmid DNA
Garneau, J. E., Dupuis, M.-È., Villion, M., Romero, D. A., Barrangou, R., Boyaval, P., Fremaux, C., Horvath, P., Magadán, A. H., & Moineau, S. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09523 · Cited by 2,336
Evolution and classification of the CRISPR–Cas systems
Makarova, K. S., Haft, D. H., Barrangou, R., Brouns, S. J. J., Charpentier, E., Horvath, P., Moineau, S., Mojica, F. J. M., Wolf, Y. I., Yakunin, A. F., et al. (2011) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro2577 · Cited by 2,331
Self-citationComplete Genome Sequence of the Methanogenic Archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii
Bult, C. J., White, O. R., Olsen, G. J., Zhou, L., Fleischmann, R. D., Sutton, G. G., Blake, J. A., Fitzgerald, L. M., Clayton, R. A., Gocayne, J. D., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5278.1058 · Cited by 2,086
Intervening Sequences of Regularly Spaced Prokaryotic Repeats Derive from Foreign Genetic Elements
Mojica, F. J. M., D�ez-Villase�or, C., Garc�a-Mart�nez, J., & Soria, E. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Evolution · doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0046-3 · Cited by 2,042
Self-citationIdentification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes
Jansen, R., Embden, J. D. A. V., Gaastra, W., & Schouls, L. M. (2002) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02839.x · Cited by 1,802
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 39 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
CRISPR–Cas9 Structures and Mechanisms
Jiang, F., & Doudna, J. A. (2017) · Annual Review of Biophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev-biophys-062215-010822 · Cited by 2,029
Ishino, Y., Krupovic, M., & Forterre, P. (2018) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.00580-17 · Cited by 558
Methodologies for Improving HDR Efficiency
Liu, M., Rehman, S., Tang, X., Gu, K., Fan, Q., Chen, D., & Ma, W. (2019) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00691 · Cited by 323
In vivo somatic cell base editing and prime editing
Newby, G. A., & Liu, D. R. (2021) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.002 · Cited by 193
Development of CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing and beyond
Zhang, F. (2019) · Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics · doi:10.1017/s0033583519000052 · Cited by 188
Karcher, N., Nigro, E., Punčochář, M., Blanco-Míguez, A., Ciciani, M., Manghi, P., Zolfo, M., Cumbo, F., Manara, S., Golzato, D., et al. (2021) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02427-7 · Cited by 159
Ring nucleases deactivate type III CRISPR ribonucleases by degrading cyclic oligoadenylate
Athukoralage, J. S., Rouillon, C., Graham, S., Grüschow, S., & White, M. F. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0557-5 · Cited by 123
Navarro, F., & Muniesa, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00566 · Cited by 115
Peptide/Cas9 nanostructures for ribonucleoprotein cell membrane transport and gene edition
Lostalé‐Seijo, I., Louzao, I., Juanes, M., & Montenegro, J. (2017) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c7sc03918b · Cited by 115
Corte, L. E.-D., Mahmoud, L. M., Moraes, T. D. S., Mou, Z., Grosser, J. W., & Dutt, M. (2019) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants8120601 · Cited by 89
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology in Cancer Treatment: A Future Direction
Rabaan, A. A., AlSaihati, H., Bukhamsin, R., Bakhrebah, M. A., Nassar, M. S., Alsaleh, A. A., Alhashem, Y. N., Bukhamseen, A. Y., Al-Ruhimy, K., Alotaibi, M. H., et al. (2023) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol30020152 · Cited by 89
Habimana, J. D. D., Huang, R., Muhoza, B., Kalisa, N. Y., Han, X. B., Deng, W., & Li, Z. (2022) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2022.114033 · Cited by 84
A natural single-guide RNA repurposes Cas9 to autoregulate CRISPR-Cas expression
Workman, R. E., Pammi, T., Nguyen, B. T. K., Graeff, L. W., Smith, E. L., Sebald, S. M., Stoltzfus, M. J., Euler, C. W., & Modell, J. W. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.017 · Cited by 82
Cas13d: A New Molecular Scissor for Transcriptome Engineering
Gupta, R. K., Ghosh, A., Chakravarti, R., Singh, R., Ravichandiran, V., Swarnakar, S., & Ghosh, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.866800 · Cited by 74
Halder, K., Chaudhuri, A., Abdin, M. Z., Majee, M., & Datta, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.885128 · Cited by 70
Therapeutic potentials of CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology in human viral infections
Najafi, S., Tan, S. C., Aghamiri, S., Raee, P., Ebrahimi, Z., Jahromi, Z. K., Rahmati, Y., Nahand, J. S., Piroozmand, A., Jajarmi, V., et al. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112743 · Cited by 69
Therapeutic Editing of the TP53 Gene: Is CRISPR/Cas9 an Option?
Mirgayazova, R., Khadiullina, R., Chasov, V. V., Mingaleeva, R. N., Рифкатовна, М. Р., Rizvanov, A. A., & Bulatov, E. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11060704 · Cited by 68
Brown-Jaque, M., Calero‐Cáceres, W., Espinal, P., Rodríguez-Navarro, J., Miró, E., González‐López, J. J., Cornejo, T., Hurtado, J. C., Navarro, F., & Muniesa, M. (2017) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.11.014 · Cited by 66
Westra, E. R., & Levin, B. R. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1915966117 · Cited by 65
Chimeric CRISPR-CasX enzymes and guide RNAs for improved genome editing activity
Tsuchida, C. A., Zhang, S., Doost, M. S., Zhao, Y., Wang, J., O’Brien, E., Fang, H., Li, C., Li, D., Hai, Z.-Y., et al. (2022) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2022.02.002 · Cited by 62
CRISPR-cas9: a powerful tool towards precision medicine in cancer treatment
Xing, H., & Meng, L. (2019) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/s41401-019-0322-9 · Cited by 61
CRISPR/Cas Genome Editing—Can It Become a Game Changer in Future Fisheries Sector?
Roy, S., Kumar, V., Behera, B. K., Parhi, J., Mohapatra, S., Chakraborty, T., & Das, B. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.924475 · Cited by 55
Halophiles as Chassis for Bioproduction
Zhang, X., Lin, Y., & Chen, G. (2018) · Advanced Biosystems · doi:10.1002/adbi.201800088 · Cited by 55
Biodiversity: the overlooked source of human health
Linhares, Y. P. L., Каганский, А. М., Agyare, C., Kurnaz, I. A., Neergheen, V. S., Kolodziejczyk, B., Kędra, M., Wahajuddin, M., El-Youssf, L., Cruz, T. E. E. D., et al. (2022) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2022.12.002 · Cited by 49
Chimeric Guides Probe and Enhance Cas9 Biochemical Activity
Kartje, Z. J., Barkau, C. L., Rohilla, K. J., Ageely, E. A., & Gagnon, K. T. (2018) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00107 · Cited by 48
Mechanisms regulating the CRISPR-Cas systems
Zakrzewska, M., & Burmistrz, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1060337 · Cited by 47
CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool
Baghini, S. S., Gardanova, Z. R., Abadi, S. A. H., Zaman, B. A., İlhan, A., Shomali, N., Adili, A., Moghaddar, R., & Yaseri, A. F. (2022) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-022-00336-6 · Cited by 46
Cas3 Protein—A Review of a Multi-Tasking Machine
He, L., James, M. S. J., Radovčić, M., Ivančić-Baće, I., & Bolt, E. L. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11020208 · Cited by 45
Cheng, Y., Wang, H., & Li, M. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108524 · Cited by 44
Insights Gained from RNA Editing Targeted by the CRISPR-Cas13 Family
Liu, L., & Pei, D. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911400 · Cited by 40
Genomic Analysis of Molecular Bacterial Mechanisms of Resistance to Phage Infection
Ambroa, A., Blasco, L., López, M. C., Pacios, O., Bleriot, I., Fernández-García, L., de Aledo, M. G., Ortiz-Cartagena, C., Millard, A. D., & Tomás, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.784949 · Cited by 38
Molecular allergology approach to allergic asthma
Agache, I. O., Palmer, E. N., Sanver, D., Kirtland, M., & Shamji, M. H. (2021) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2021.101027 · Cited by 36
Protein Engineering Strategies to Expand CRISPR-Cas9 Applications
Ribeiro, L. F., Ribeiro, L. F. C., Barreto, M. Q., & Ward, R. J. (2018) · International Journal of Genomics · doi:10.1155/2018/1652567 · Cited by 36
The Challenge of CRISPR-Cas Toward Bioethics
Gonzalez-Avila, L. U., Vega-López, J. M., Pelcastre-Rodríguez, L. I., Cabrero-Martínez, O. A., Hernández‐Cortez, C., & Castro‐Escarpulli, G. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.657981 · Cited by 36
Allemailem, K. S., Almatroudi, A., Rahmani, A. H., Alrumaihi, F., Alradhi, A. E., Al-Subaiyel, A., Algahtani, M., Almousa, R. M., Mahzari, A., Sindi, A. A. A., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s455574 · Cited by 35
Methods for the genetic manipulation of marine bacteria
Zeaiter, Z., Mapelli, F., Crotti, E., & Borin, S. (2018) · Electronic Journal of Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.ejbt.2018.03.003 · Cited by 35
Jia, S., Liang, R., Chen, J., Liao, S., Lin, J., & Li, W. (2024) · Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters · doi:10.1186/s11658-024-00581-x · Cited by 34
Base Editing and Prime Editing: Potential Therapeutic Options for Rare and Common Diseases
Testa, L. C., & Musunuru, K. (2023) · BioDrugs · doi:10.1007/s40259-023-00610-9 · Cited by 34
The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Problems
Wang, L., Chen, Y., Liu, X., Li, Z., & Dai, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.704999 · Cited by 33
Zink, I. A., Wimmer, E., & Schleper, C. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10111523 · Cited by 28
CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA design and outcome assessment: Bioinformatics tools and aquaculture applications
Luo, M., Wang, J., Dong, Z., Wang, C., & Lu, G. (2021) · Aquaculture and Fisheries · doi:10.1016/j.aaf.2021.10.002 · Cited by 28
CRISPR/Cas9 System: A Potential Tool for Genetic Improvement in Floricultural Crops
Sirohi, U., Kumar, M., Sharma, V. R., Teotia, S., Singh, D., Chaudhary, V., Priya, & Yadav, M. K. (2022) · Molecular Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12033-022-00523-y · Cited by 28
The CRISPR conundrum: evolve and maybe die, or survive and risk stagnation
García‐Martínez, J., Maldonado, R. D., Guzman, N. M., & Mojica, F. J. M. (2018) · Microbial Cell · doi:10.15698/mic2018.06.634 · Cited by 28
Self-citationCRISPR/Cas based gene editing: marking a new era in medical science
Prasad, K. M., George, A., Ravi, N. S., & Mohankumar, K. M. (2021) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06479-7 · Cited by 27
Viver, T., Orellana, L. H., González‐Torres, P., Díaz, S. C., Urdiain, M., Farı́as, M. E., Beneš, V., Kaempfer, P., Shahinpei, A., Amoozegar, M. A., et al. (2018) · Systematic and Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2017.12.004 · Cited by 25
Saikia, B., Singh, S. S., Debbarma, J., Velmurugan, N., Boruah, H. P. D., Arunkumar, K. P., & Chikkaputtaiah, C. (2020) · Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants · doi:10.1007/s12298-020-00782-6 · Cited by 25
Schulze, S., & Lammers, M. (2020) · ChemTexts · doi:10.1007/s40828-020-00126-7 · Cited by 23
Li, W., Huang, C., & Chen, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2022.890155 · Cited by 22
A comprehensive overview of CRISPR/Cas 9 technology and application thereof in drug discovery
Khurana, A., Sayed, N., Singh, V., Khurana, I., Allawadhi, P., Rawat, P. S., Navik, U., Pasumarthi, S. K., Bharani, K. K., & Weiskirchen, R. (2022) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30329 · Cited by 22
Chromatin Alterations in Neurological Disorders and Strategies of (Epi)Genome Rescue
Janowski, M., Milewska, M., Zare, P., & Pękowska, A. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14080765 · Cited by 21
CRISPR/Cas gene editing in the human germline
Bekaert, B., Boel, A., Cosemans, G., Witte, L. D., Menten, B., & Heindryckx, B. (2022) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.012 · Cited by 21
Structural basis of Cas3 activation in type I-C CRISPR-Cas system
Kim, D. Y., Lee, S. Y., Ha, H. J., & Park, H. H. (2024) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkae723 · Cited by 20
Molecular basis of anti-CRISPR operon repression by Aca10
Lee, S. Y., Birkholz, N., Fineran, P. C., & Park, H. H. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac656 · Cited by 18
Chasov, V. V., Ganeeva, I., Zmievskaya, E., Davletshin, D., Gilyazova, E., Valiullina, A., & Bulatov, E. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13151282 · Cited by 17
CRISPR/Cas: History and Perspectives
Shmakova, A., Shmakova, O. P., Karpukhina, A. A., & Vassetzky, Y. S. (2022) · Russian Journal of Developmental Biology · doi:10.1134/s1062360422040075 · Cited by 17
Gamage, U., Warnakulasuriya, K., Hansika, S., & Silva, G. N. (2023) · Thalassemia Reports · doi:10.3390/thalassrep13010006 · Cited by 17
Baghini, S. S., Gardanova, Z. R., Zekiy, A. O., Shomali, N., Tosan, F., & Jarahian, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.775309 · Cited by 16
RetractedAn overview: CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing for viral vaccine development
Bhujbal, S. S., Bhujbal, R., & Giram, P. S. (2022) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2022.2112952 · Cited by 16
Developmental history and application of CRISPR in human disease
Liang, P., Zhang, X., Chen, Y., & Huang, J. (2017) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.2963 · Cited by 16
CRISPR: development of a technology and its applications
Derry, W. B. (2020) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.15621 · Cited by 16
Molecular basis of dual anti-CRISPR and auto-regulatory functions of AcrIF24
Kim, G. E., Lee, S. Y., Birkholz, N., Kamata, K., Jeong, J., Kim, Y., Fineran, P. C., & Park, H. H. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac880 · Cited by 15
Evaluation of Haloferax mediterranei Strain R4 Capabilities for Cadmium Removal from Brines
Sáez-Zamacona, I., Grindlay, G., & Martínez‐Espinosa, R. M. (2023) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md21020072 · Cited by 15
Stoltzfus, M. J., Workman, R. E., Keith, N. C., & Modell, J. W. (2024) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-024-01748-0 · Cited by 14
Sobral, A. F., Dinis‐Oliveira, R. J., & Barbosa, D. J. (2024) · Forensic Science International Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2024.103163 · Cited by 14
Genetic advancements in breast cancer treatment: a review
Shokoohi, M., Sedaghatshoar, S., Arian, H., Mokarami, M., Habibi, F., & Bamarinejad, F. (2025) · Discover Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12672-025-01884-x · Cited by 14
CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity and the three Rs
Killelea, T., & Bolt, E. L. (2017) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20160297 · Cited by 14
A 1.3 Å high-resolution crystal structure of an anti-CRISPR protein, AcrI E2
Lee, S. Y., Kim, G. E., Kim, Y., & Park, H. H. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.067 · Cited by 13
Molecular and Computational Strategies to Increase the Efficiency of CRISPR-Based Techniques
Mattiello, L., Rütgers, M., Sua-Rojas, M. F., Tavares, R., Soares, J. S., Begcy, K., & Menossi, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.868027 · Cited by 12
Ahumada-Ayala, M., Aguilar-López, R., González-Stoylov, N., Palacio-Sosa, E., Cervantes-Barragán, D. E., & Fernández‐Hernández, L. (2023) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.24875/ric.22000252 · Cited by 12
Methods for detecting off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas9
Xu, Y., Zhou, S., Wang, L.-Y., Zhang, R., Li, K., Qian, Z., & Li, X. (2025) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108750 · Cited by 11
CRISPR diagnostics: Underappreciated uses in perinatology
Pan, A., & Kraschel, K. L. (2018) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2018.09.016 · Cited by 11
Wang, H., Wu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11131954 · Cited by 11
Fatima, H., Singh, D., Muhammad, H., Acharya, S., & Aziz, M. A. (2024) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-024-04186-1 · Cited by 10
From Reductionism to Holism: Toward a More Complete View of Development Through Genome Engineering
Delker, R. K., & Mann, R. S. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-63904-8_3 · Cited by 10
Du, L., Zhang, D., Luo, Z., & Lin, Z. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad101 · Cited by 10
Verdes, A., & Holford, M. (2018) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_17 · Cited by 10
CRISPR /Cas9 gene editing special issue
Doench, J. G. (2016) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.13823 · Cited by 9
Crystal structure of the anti‐CRISPR , AcrIIC4
Kim, G. E., Lee, S. Y., & Park, H. H. (2021) · Protein Science · doi:10.1002/pro.4214 · Cited by 9
Sudhakar, S., Barkau, C. L., Chilamkurthy, R., Barber, H. M., Pater, A. A., Moran, S. D., Damha, M. J., Pradeepkumar, P. I., & Gagnon, K. T. (2023) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104700 · Cited by 9
When We Stop Thinking about Microbes as Cells
van Gestel, J., & Kolter, R. (2019) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.004 · Cited by 9
CRISPR-Cas9 Direct Fusions for Improved Genome Editing via Enhanced Homologous Recombination
Tabassum, T., Pietrogrande, G., Healy, M. D., & Wolvetang, E. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241914701 · Cited by 9
Delivery of gene editing therapeutics
Kevadiya, B. D., Islam, F. S., Deol, P., Zaman, L. A., Mosselhy, D. A., Ashaduzzaman, M., Bajwa, N., Routhu, N. K., Singh, P. A., Dawre, S., et al. (2023) · Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.nano.2023.102711 · Cited by 9
CRISPR and Salty: CRISPR-Cas Systems in Haloarchaea
Maier, L., Alkhnbashi, O. S., Backofen, R., & Marchfelder, A. (2017) · Nucleic acids and molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65795-0_11 · Cited by 8
Stamereilers, C., Wong, S., & Tsourkas, P. K. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13030459 · Cited by 8
Terradas, G., Macias, V. M., Peterson, H., McKeand, S., Krawczyk, G., & Rasgon, J. L. (2022) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800621176.0006 · Cited by 8
Constructing next-generation CRISPR–Cas tools from structural blueprints
Bravo, J. P. K., Hibshman, G. N., & Taylor, D. W. (2022) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102839 · Cited by 8
The chromatin landscape of the euryarchaeon Haloferax volcanii
Marinov, G. K., Bagdatli, S. T., Wu, T., He, C., Kundaje, A. B., & Greenleaf, W. J. (2023) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-023-03095-5 · Cited by 8
A high‐resolution (1.2 Å) crystal structure of the anti‐CRISPR protein AcrIF9
Kim, G. E., Lee, S. Y., & Park, H. H. (2020) · FEBS Open Bio · doi:10.1002/2211-5463.12986 · Cited by 8
Application and progress of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in B-cell lymphoma: a narrative review
Jin, Y., Wu, H., Liu, J., Cho, W. C. S., & Song, G. (2024) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-23-1146 · Cited by 7
Neoclassical development of genetic sexing strains for insect pest and disease vector control
Petrucci, G., Gregoriou, M., Papathanos, P. A., Schetelig, M. F., Tu, Z. J., & Bourtzis, K. (2025) · Insect Science · doi:10.1111/1744-7917.70192 · Cited by 7
Molecular basis of transcriptional repression of anti-CRISPR by anti-CRISPR-associated 2
Lee, S. Y., Kim, G. E., & Park, H. H. (2021) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology · doi:10.1107/s2059798321011670 · Cited by 7
Vázquez, N., Sanchez, L., Marks, R., Martinez, E., Fanniel, V., Lopez, A., Salinas, A., Flores, I., Hirschmann, J., Gilkerson, R., et al. (2018) · BMC Molecular Biology · doi:10.1186/s12867-018-0105-8 · Cited by 7
van Riet, J., Saha, C. K., Strepis, N., Brouwer, R. W. W., Martens‐Uzunova, E. S., van de Geer, W. S., Swagemakers, S. M. A., Stubbs, A., Halimi, Y., Voogd, S., et al. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03249-4 · Cited by 7
Wal, P., Aziz, N., Prajapati, H., Soni, S., & Wal, A. (2023) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/0115733998263079231011073803 · Cited by 6
Becerra, G., Igeño, M. I., Merchán, F., Sánchez‐Clemente, R., & Blasco, R. (2019) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13408 · Cited by 6
He, L., Matošević, Z. J., Mitić, D., Markulin, D., Killelea, T., Matković, M., Bertoša, B., Ivančić-Baće, I., & Bolt, E. L. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22062848 · Cited by 6
Origin of the genome editing systems: application for crop improvement
Viviani, A., Spada, M., Giordani, T., Fambrini, M., & Pugliesi, C. (2022) · Biologia · doi:10.1007/s11756-022-01142-3 · Cited by 6
Watts, J. K. (2022) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781837671328-00350 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Mojica, F. J. M., & Rodriguez‐Valera, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Alicante (ES)
- Evolutionary Genomics Group Universidad Miguel Hernandez Alicante Spain
- Corresponding author
- Mojica, Francisco J. M.
- Venue
- The FEBS Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06-15
- Volume
- 283
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 3162-3169
- ISSN
- 1742-464X (ISSN-L)
- 1742-4658
- OpenAlex
- W2397372517
- Cited by
- 207
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- FEBS Journal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion)
- Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante (Universidad de Alicante) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (291815)
- Seventh Framework Programme
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Structural Characterization
- Keywords
- CRISPR-Cas, archaea, bacteria, self/non-self discrimination, molecular memory, adaptive immunity
- MeSH terms
- Archaea, Bacteria, Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Archaeal, Genomics, CRISPR-Cas Systems
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
