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Identification of genes that are associated with DNA repeats in prokaryotes

Jansen, Ruud., Embden, Jan. D. A. van, Gaastra, Wim., Schouls, Leo. M.·2002·Molecular Microbiology
DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02839.x
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Abstract

Summary: Using in silico analysis we studied a novel family of repetitive DNA sequences that is present among both domains of the prokaryotes (Archaea and Bacteria), but absent from eukaryotes or viruses. This family is characterized by direct repeats, varying in size from 21 to 37 bp, interspaced by similarly sized non‐repetitive sequences. To appreciate their characteri‐stic structure, we will refer to this family as the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). In most species with two or more CRISPR loci, these loci were flanked on one side by a common leader sequence of 300–500 b. The direct repeats and the leader sequences were conserved within a species, but dissimilar between species. The presence of multiple chromosomal CRISPR loci suggests that CRISPRs are mobile elements. Four CRISPR‐associated ( cas ) genes were identified in CRISPR‐containing prokaryotes that were absent from CRISPR‐negative prokaryotes. The cas genes were invariably located adjacent to a CRISPR locus, indicating that the cas genes and CRISPR loci have a functional relationship. The cas3 gene showed motifs characteristic for helicases of the superfamily 2, and the cas 4 gene showed motifs of the RecB family of exonucleases, suggesting that these genes are involved in DNA metabolism or gene expression. The spatial coherence of CRISPR and cas genes may stimulate new research on the genesis and biological role of these repeats and genes.

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  • The current name CRISPR first appeared in Jansen et al. in 2002 and was suggested by Mojica.

    “The current name for CRISPR first appeared in Jansen et al. [22] in 2002 and was suggested by Mojica in correspondence between the two collaborating scientific groups.”

    From CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing (2022) · cites this paper as [22]

  • Jansen et al. first described genes associated with CRISPR repeats (cas1-4).

    “The same publication was the first one to describe the presence of genes associated with CRISPR repeats (named by the authors cas1-4, CRISPR-associated genes).”

    From CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing (2022) · cites this paper as [22]

  • The cas genes were found in close proximity to CRISPR loci of various prokaryotes, and two contained motifs characteristic of helicase and nuclease, supporting their non-random association with the CRISPR locus and involvement in DNA metabolism.

    “These genes were found in close proximity to the CRISPR loci of various prokaryotes, and two of them contained motifs characteristic of helicase and nuclease, which supported the authors’ hypothesis about the non-random association of the cas genes with the CRISPR locus, and their involvement in DNA metabolism.”

    From CRISPR–Cas9: A History of Its Discovery and Ethical Considerations of Its Use in Genome Editing (2022) · cites this paper as [22]

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Metadata

Authors
Jansen, R., Embden, J. D. A. V., Gaastra, W., & Schouls, L. M.
Venue
Molecular Microbiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-03
Volume
43
Issue
6
Pages
1565-1575
ISSN
  • 0950-382X
  • 1365-2958
DOI
10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02839.x
Cited by
1,802
References
1
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 55 d)

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