A preliminary comparison of the efficacy of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) stress management interventions for social and healthcare workers
Abstract
Social and healthcare workers have been shown to experience greater levels of illness, depression and burnout as a result of chronic workplace stress. The purpose of this study was to examine whether brief online ACT and CBT interventions could reduce the experience of stress and burnout in employees, while also improving mental health and psychological flexibility. A total of 42 individuals working within the social and healthcare professions were randomly assigned to either a 2-week online ACT or CBT intervention. Recruitment was undertaken internationally, although the majority of participants were based in Ireland at the time of their participation (79%). Participants' perceived stress, burnout, mental health and work-related psychological flexibility were assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Intent-to-treat analyses were conducted on all data. Outcomes indicated that both interventions resulted in significant improvements in stress, burnout and mental health scores from baseline to post-treatment. No significant differences were observed between ACT and CBT conditions, or in psychological flexibility scores from baseline to post-treatment. Reliable Change Index (RCI) scores indicated that clinically significant improvements in stress and mental health were seen in 42% and 19% of programme-completers, respectively. These results provide preliminary evidence for the usefulness of brief internet-delivered ACT and CBT interventions for the treatment of occupational stress and its comorbid symptoms. Online programmes with a longer duration and additional therapist support should be evaluated, as these may improve the outcomes of future interventions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Nursing students with IP often impose limitations on themselves, avoiding situations where their success might lead to scrutiny or higher expectations.
“Nursing students with IP often impose limitations on themselves, avoiding situations where their success might lead to scrutiny or higher expectations [27].”
From The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Internalized Shame, Fear of Success, and Anxiety Sensitivity in Nursing With Imposter (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
By helping nursing students identify their core personal and professional values, ACT enables them to anchor their actions and decisions on what truly matters to them, rather than being derailed by self-doubt or societal pressures.
“By helping nursing students identify their core personal and professional values, ACT enables them to anchor their actions and decisions on what truly matters to them, rather than being derailed by self-doubt or societal pressures [27].”
From The Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Internalized Shame, Fear of Success, and Anxiety Sensitivity in Nursing With Imposter (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
Attrition is a well-known phenomenon especially in online interventions.
“Attrition is a well-known phenomenon especially in online interventions (90) and should be minimized in future studies.”
From Digital resilience interventions for healthcare workers: a systematic review (2025) · cites this paper as [90]
Research testing self-administered versions of ACT and CBT for mental health problems unrelated to infertility have observed similarly high dropout rates.
“Research testing self-administered versions of both ACT and CBT for mental health problems unrelated to infertility have observed similarly high dropout rates [33, 34].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy adapted for women with infertility: a pilot study of the Infertility ACTion program. (2024) · cites this paper as [34]
ACT was delivered on the web without therapist guidance in 7 studies.
“and without therapist guidance in 7 studies [13-19].”
Cites
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1983) · Cited by 79,888 · see citing works
Statistical power analyses using G∗Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.41.4.1149 · Cited by 37,615 · see citing works
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
The measurement of experienced burnout
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.4030020205 · Cited by 14,496 · see citing works
The job demands-resources model of burnout.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499 · Cited by 13,643 · see citing works
(2007) · Cited by 10,092 · see citing works
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · see citing works
(1988) · NFER-Nelson eBooks · Cited by 5,560 · see citing works
The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846 · see citing works
The Validity of Two Versions of the GHQ in the WHO Study of Mental Illness in General Health Care
GOLDBERG, D. P., GATER, R., SARTORIUS, N., USTUN, T. B., PICCINELLI, M., GUREJE, O., & RUTTER, C. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004242 · Cited by 3,657 · see citing works
Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health
Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001 · Cited by 3,054 · see citing works
Nurses’ Reports On Hospital Care In Five Countries
Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J. A., Busse, R., Clarke, H. F., Giovannetti, P., Hunt, J., Rafferty, A. M., & Shamian, J. (2001) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.20.3.43 · Cited by 1,623 · see citing works
Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis.
Richardson, K. M., & Rothstein, H. R. (2008) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.13.1.69 · Cited by 1,374 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction for health care professionals: results from a randomized trial
Shapiro, S. L., Astin, J. A., Bishop, S. R., & Cordova, M. (2005) · International Journal of Stress Management · doi:10.1037/1072-5245.12.2.164 · Cited by 1,323 · see citing works
A-Tjak, J. G. L., Davis, M. L., Morina, N., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2015) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000365764 · Cited by 921 · see citing works
A tutorial on sensitivity analyses in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how
Thabane, L., Mbuagbaw, L., Zhang, S., Samaan, Z., Marcucci, M., Ye, C., Thabane, M., Giangregorio, L., Dennis, B., Kosa, D., et al. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-92 · Cited by 893 · see citing works
Veehof, M. M., Oskam, M.-J., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2011) · PAIN · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.002 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
McHugh, M. D., Kutney-Lee, A. M., Cimiotti, J. P., Sloane, D. M., & Aiken, L. H. (2011) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2010.0100 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
The Role of Acceptance and Job Control in Mental Health, Job Satisfaction, and Work Performance
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1057 · Cited by 711 · see citing works
The use of the General Health Questionnaire as an indicator of mental health in occupational studies
Banks, M. H., Clegg, C., Jackson, P. R., Kemp, N. J., Stafford, E. M., & Wall, T. D. (1980) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1980.tb00024.x · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445507302202 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions.
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//1076-8998.5.1.156 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.156 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Öst, L.-G. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Leadership, organizational stress, and emotional exhaustion among hospital nursing staff
Stordeur, S., D'Hoore, W., & Vandenberghe, C. (2001) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2001.01885.x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
Poghosyan, L., Aiken, L. H., & Sloane, D. M. (2009) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.03.004 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Healy, C., & McKay, M. (2000) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01323.x · Cited by 389 · see citing works
The Effects of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Nurse Stress and Burnout
Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S. D., Capuano, T. A., Baker, D. M., & Shapiro, S. L. (2004) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/00004650-200411000-00006 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1992) · Methodological issues & strategies in clinical research. · doi:10.1037/10109-042 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R. T., Roget, N. A., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B. S., L.Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A. K., Berry, K., et al. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80022-4 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
A randomised controlled trial of a brief online mindfulness-based intervention
Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Cicconi, F., Griffiths, N., Wyper, A., & Jones, F. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.06.003 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
The Relaxation & Stress Reduction Workbook
Davis, M., Eshelman, E. R., & McKay, M. P. (1985) · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and OCD spectrum disorders: An empirical review
Bluett, E. J., Homan, K. J., Morrison, K. L., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2014) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.008 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S. D., Capuano, T., Baker, D. M., & Shapiro, S. (2005) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/00004650-200501000-00008 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S. V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80014-5 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Buhrman, M., Skoglund, A., Husell, J., Bergström, K., Gordh, T., Hursti, T., Bendelin, N., Furmark, T., & Andersson, G. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.02.010 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
(2012) · Re-Unir (International University of La Rioja) · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Hesser, H., Gustafsson, T., Lundén, C., Henrikson, O., Fattahi, K., Johnsson, E., Westin, V. Z., Carlbring, P., Mäki-Torkko, E., Kaldo, V., et al. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027021 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Um, M.-Y., & Harrison, D. F. (1998) · Social Work Research · doi:10.1093/swr/22.2.100 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Hofer, P., & Gloster, A. T. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.09.002 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Stress and burnout in community mental health nursing: a review of the literature
Edwards, D. J., Burnard, P., Coyle, D., Fothergill, A., & Hannigan, B. (2000) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.2000.00258.x · Cited by 245 · see citing works
The Relaxation and Stress Reduction Workbook
Awad, A. (2014) · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Efficacy of internet therapy for panic disorder
Klein, B., Richards, J. C., & Austin, D. W. (2006) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.07.001 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Brinkborg, H., Michanek, J., Hesser, H., & Berglund, G. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.009 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Occupational Stress in the Service Professions
(2003) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203422809 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Räsänen, P., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.01.001 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Nurse Leader Mindfulness Meditation Program for Stress Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pipe, T. B., Bortz, J. J., Dueck, A., Pendergast, D., Buchda, V., & Summers, J. (2009) · JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e31819894a0 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Pieterse, M. E., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711001206 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Wynne, B., McHugh, L., Gao, W., Keegan, D., Byrne, K., Rowan, C., Hartery, K., Kirschbaum, C., Doherty, G., Cullen, G., et al. (2019) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.030 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Bond, F. W., Lloyd, J., & Guenole, N. (2013) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12001 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Hedman, E., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Andersson, G., Rück, C., & Lindefors, N. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.009 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Occupational stress in nursing: a review of the literature
Clegg, A. P. (2001) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2834.2001.00216.x · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Levin, M. E., Pistorello, J., Seeley, J. R., & Hayes, S. C. (2014) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.843533 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Mackenzie, M. J., Carlson, L. E., Munoz, M., & Speca, M. (2007) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.1120 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2013) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2013.782157 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L. (2013) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntt056 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Coping strategies in the workplace: Relationships with attributional style and job satisfaction
Welbourne, J. L., Eggerth, D. E., Hartley, T. A., Andrew, M. E., & Sanchez, F. (2006) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.10.006 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Time management as a moderator of relations between stressors and employee strain
Jex, S. M., & Elacqua, T. C. (1999) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/026783799296138 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Forman, E. M., Chapman, J. E., Herbert, J. D., Goetter, E. M., Yuen, E. K., & Moitra, E. (2012) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.07.004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Losa Iglesias, M. E., Vallejo, R. B. D. B., & Fuentes, P. S. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.06.014 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Dewe, P. J., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Cooper, C. L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470711712 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Hernández-López, M., Luciano, M. C., Bricker, J. B., Roales-Nieto, J. G., & Montesinos, F. (2009) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0017632 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Ly, K. H., Asplund, K., & Andersson, G. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.06.003 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
MAASSEN, G. H. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704106097 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Evaluating an online stress management intervention for college students.
Hintz, S., Frazier, P. A., & Meredith, L. (2015) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000014 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Worksite stress management training: Moderated effects and clinical significance
Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020522 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Viskovich, S., & Pakenham, K. I. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22848 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Coping with Work Stress: A Review and Critique
Dewe, P. J., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Cooper, C. L. (2010) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Acceptance based behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder through videoconferencing
Yuen, E. K., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Goetter, E. M., Juarascio, A. S., Rabin, S., Goodwin, C., & Bouchard, S. (2013) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.03.002 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Stafford‐brown, J., & Pakenham, K. I. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21844 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Burnout in radiation therapists: the predictive value of selected stressors
Akroyd, D., Caison, A. L., & Adams, R. (2002) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/s0360-3016(01)02688-8 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Percent Total Attrition: A Poor Metric for Study Rigor in Hosted Intervention Designs
Amico, K. R. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.134767 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
McLean, J., & Andrew, T. (1999) · Administration in Social Work · doi:10.1300/j147v23n03_06 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Sunderland, M., Wong, N., Hilvert-Bruce, Z., & Andrews, G. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.03.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Eisen, K. P., Allen, G. J., Bollash, M., & Pescatello, L. S. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2007.02.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
An online stress management workbook for breast cancer
Carpenter, K. M., Stoner, S. A., Schmitz, K., McGregor, B. A., & Doorenbos, A. Z. (2014) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9481-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Jones, F. A., Fletcher, B. C., & Ibbetson, K. (1991) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjsw.a055787 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ruiz, F. J., Flórez, C. L., García-Martín, M. B., Monroy-Cifuentes, A., Barreto-Montero, K., García-Beltrán, D. M., Riaño-Hernández, D., Sierra, M. A., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Cardona-Betancourt, V., et al. (2018) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.04.004 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Coping with Occupational Stress in Healthcare
Gellis, Z. D. (2002) · Administration in Social Work · doi:10.1300/j147v26n03_03 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Making Sense of Intention‐to‐Treat
Sainani, K. L. (2010) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.01.004 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Burns, K. (2010) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcq135 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Kent, W., Hochard, K. D., & Hulbert-Williams, N. J. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.004 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sharry, J., Davidson, R., McLoughlin, O., & Doherty, G. (2013) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2248 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Guhn, M., Forer, B., & Zumbo, B. D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2465 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dewe, P. J. (2003) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317903322591613 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Iverson, G. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1242-2 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Bond, F. W. (2004) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-23369-7_11 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-esteem, performance feedback, and cardiovascular stress reactivity
Hughes, B. M. (2007) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800701330218 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sources of perceived stress among American medical doctors: a cross‐cultural perspective
Aziz, A. (2004) · Cross Cultural Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13527600410797864 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Barreto, M., Tran, T. A. T., & Gaynor, S. T. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.06.003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An Online Stress Management Support Group for Social Workers
Meier, A. (2002) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1300/j017v20n01_10 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Psychoneuroendocrine evaluation of an acceptance and commitment based stress management training
Gloster, A. T., Klotsche, J., Aggeler, T., Geisser, N., Juillerat, G., Schmidlin, N. J., Müller-Siemens, S., & Gaab, J. (2017) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2017.1380862 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 95 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sommers-Spijkerman, M., Austin, J., Bohlmeijer, E., & Pots, W. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28168 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“Population, intervention, and methodological characteristics (Multimedia Appendix 1; Gao et al, unpublished data, 2021; [32-125]) as well as effect size data were extracted from the full-text papers by 3 raters (ie, MSS, JA, and WP) independently.”
BackgroundMethodIndividual-level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Tamminga, S. J., Emal, L. M., Boschman, J. S., Levasseur, A., Thota, A. B., Ruotsalainen, J. H., Schelvis, R. M. C., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., & van der Molen, H. F. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002892.pub6 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ghasemi, F., Beversdorf, D. Q., & Herman, K. C. (2024) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1177/18344909241289222 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Anger, W. K., Dimoff, J. K., & Alley, L. (2024) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2023.307556 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Towey-Swift, K. D., Lauvrud, C., & Whittington, R. (2023) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2021.2022628 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Two studies (Barrett & Stewart, 2020; Brinkborg et al., 2011) reported no significant interaction between acceptance and burnout scores.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHan, A., & Kim, T. H. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/39727 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Forest plots of these subgroup analyses are illustrated in Figures S1-S7 in Multimedia Appendix 3 [13,15-25”
InfluentialZhang, C., Zhang, R., Lu, Y., Liu, H., Kong, S., Baker, J. S., & Zhang, H. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.12.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fang, S., & Ding, D. (2023) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.015 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Baek, G., & Cha, C. (2025) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Evidence suggests that burnout can be alleviated through psychological interventions, such as mindfulness meditation (Kabat-Zinn 2003), acceptance and commitment therapy (Barrett and Stewart 2021), reflective storytelling (Jun et al. 2022), and laugh-ter therapy (Sís Çelik and Kılınç 2022).”
Cho, A., Cha, C., & Baek, G. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/54029 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
López‐Del‐Hoyo, Y., Fernández‐Martínez, S., Pérez‐Aranda, A., Barceló‐Soler, A., Bani, M., Russo, S., Urcola‐Pardo, F., Strepparava, M. G., & García‐Campayo, J. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16634 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Eneogu, N. D., Ugwuanyi, C. K., & Ugwuanyi, C. S. (2023) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-023-00508-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Moghimi, E., Knyahnytska, Y., Omrani, M., Nikjoo, N., Stephenson, C., Layzell, G., Simpson, A. I. F., & Alavi, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.921527 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Han, A., & Kim, T. H. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/39182 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bureau, R., Bemmouna, D., Faria, C. G. F., Goethals, A.-A. C., Douhet, F., Mengin, A. C., Fritsch, A., Bertschy, A. Z., Frey, I., & Weiner, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.760678 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Person-directed burnout intervention for nurses: A systematic review of psychoeducational approaches
Sharin, I. A., Jinah, N., Bakit, P. A., Adnan, I. K., Zakaria, N. H. B., Subki, S. Z. A., Zakaria, N., & Lee, K. Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0322282 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Behr, H., Earl, S., Ho, A. S., Lee, J., Mitchell, E. S., McCallum, M., May, C. N., & Michaelides, A. P. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14224812 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mengin, A. C., Nourry, N., Séverac, F., Berna, F. S., Bemmouna, D., Costache, M. E., Fritsch, A., Frey, I., Ligier, F., Engel, N., et al. (2024) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2024.100736 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Digital resilience interventions for healthcare workers: a systematic review
Larsson, M., Ho, D. M., Kirschner, M., Seifritz, E., & Manoliu, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1519670 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kober, M., & Chang, Y. (2024) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276241230043 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gilin, D. A., Anderson, G. G., Etezad, E., Lee‐Baggley, D., Cooper, A. M., & Preston, R. J. (2023) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings Innovations Quality & Outcomes · doi:10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2023.09.005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Paleri, V., Valmaggia, L., Kaleva, I., Martland, R., & Riches, S. (2024) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-024-00434-6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Psychological needs of critical care staff and barriers to accessing support: A qualitative study
Sutton, O. R., & Norton, E. (2022) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12958 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
López-del-Hoyo, Y., Fernández-Martínez, S., Perez-Aranda, A., Monreal-Bartolomé, A., Barceló-Soler, A., Camarero-Grados, L., Armas-Landaeta, C., Guzmán-Parra, J., Carbonell, V., Campos, D., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/59653 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Barrett and Stewart [63] reported that a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy program was as effective as a web-based CBT program, and the mindful and self-compassion program was superior when compared to a waitlist control group [24].”
Igwe, J. N., Ugwuanyi, C. S., Ejimonye, J. C., Odionye, N., Metu, I. C., Enebechi, R. I., Eze, K. O., Ikeh, F. E., Okeke, A. O., Nnadi, E. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-021-00430-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ladino, M. D. M., Bolaños, C., Ramírez, V. A. C., Giraldo, E. J. S., Álzate, J. P., Munévar, Á. M. C., & Carvajal, A. B. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100682 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Aye, L. M., Tan, M., Schaefer, A., Thurairajasingam, S., Geldsetzer, P., Soon, L.-K., Reininghaus, U., Bärnighausen, T., & Su, T. T. (2024) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076241278313 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pordelan, N., Hosseinian, S., Heydari, H., Khalijian, S., & Khorrami, M. (2022) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2022.2077233 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Developing a brief acceptance and commitment therapy model for industrial psychologists
Van Lill, X., & Van Lill, R. (2022) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v48i0.1897 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ding, D., & Wenjuan, W. A. N. G. (2022) · PSYCHOLOGIA · doi:10.2117/psysoc.2021-a154 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Balsom, A. A., Klest, B., Sander, B., & Gordon, J. L. (2024) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-024-01766-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Research testing self-administered versions of both ACT and CBT for mental health problems unrelated to infertility have observed similarly high dropout rates [33, 34].”
BackgroundZarling, A. L., Kim, J., Russell, D. W., & Cutrona, C. E. (2023) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/47943 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Vega-Campos, M., Pérez-Pérez, M., & Sarabia‐Cobo, C. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251320192 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Creating a Supportive Work Environment: A Cognitive Behavioral Approach for Nurse Leaders
Zusman, N., Andrews, C. S., Kaslin, V., & Wruble, A. C. K. W. (2025) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep15030091 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ross, M. M., Sagrera, C., McPherson, P., Smith, D. G., Bhuiyan, M. A. N., Tinsley, M., Goeders, N. E., Patterson, J. C., & Murnane, K. S. (2022) · Ethics Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2022.100860 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gerhart, J. I., Oswald, L. B., McLouth, L. E., Gibb, L., Perry, L. M., England, A. E., Sannes, T., Schoenbine, D., Ramos, K., Greenberg, J., et al. (2023) · Illness, crises, and loss · doi:10.1177/10541373231201952 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mirzalou, M., Ebrahimpour, F., Zarani, F., & Nasiri, M. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2025.06.024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shi, M., Liu, H., & Xia, T. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106969 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gómez-López, B., & Sánchez-Cabrero, R. (2024) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe14050083 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lampinen, V. S., Kämper, E., Balla, V. R., Katajavuori, N., & Asikainen, H. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100909 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guerrero-Pertiñez, G., Carbonell-Aranda, V., Pérez-Guerrero, G., Dawood-Hristova, J. J., Pérez‐Aranda, A., Fernández‐Martínez, S., Monreal‐Bartolomé, A., Barceló‐Soler, A., García‐Campayo, J., del Hoyo, Y. L., et al. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/82905 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ASHER, I. B., Ritholz, M. D., Horwitz, D. L., Manejwala, O., Behar, E., & Fundoiano-Hershcovitz, . (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/50506 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sawyer, A. T., Bailey, A., & Harris, S. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Organizational Psychology · doi:10.3389/forgp.2024.1433400 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Khalid, S., Rasheed, U., Butt, W. H., Qamar, U., & Zaman, U. K. U. (2025) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2025.2491418 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ruple, C., Brodhead, J., Rabinovich, L., Junghaenel, D. U., Nakamura, T., Wong, J., De-Oliveira, S., Brown, J. C., Nguyen, P., Horn, J., et al. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-12131-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nkrumah, S. O., Shalaby, R., Agyapong, B., Eboreime, E., Kelderhouse, C., & Agyapong, V. I. O. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1629490 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jiang, X. (2025) · Journal of Social Work Practice · doi:10.1080/02650533.2025.2599173 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Rushworth, S., Tugendrajch, S. K., Creed, T. A., Wolk, C. B., Steinberg, M., & Becker‐Haimes, E. M. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2511088 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vatanpanah, S., Khalatbari, J., Tayyebi, A., & Sabet, M. (2024) · doi:10.61838/kman.jayps.5.1.2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, F., Savabi Niri, V., Azizrousta, S., Allahzade, M., & Farahani, H. (2025) · Journal of Research and Health · doi:10.32598/jrh.15.6.1922.5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Through mindfulness, they become more present in the moment, reducing the grip of self-critical rumination [27].”
InfluentialLalovic, A., Hyde, M., Bergmans, Y., Kiriakidis, A., Ebegbare, N., Verduyn, A., & Rizvi, S. J. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/08445621251354918 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ioachim, G., Allen, L. P., Redekop, M., Khan, A., Khoury, J. M. B., Maguire, K. Q., & Carleton, R. N. (2025) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.70091 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ioachim, G., Bolt, N. K., Bélanger, K., Shulhin, A., Dabhoya, J., Khoury, J. M. B., Teckchandani, T. A., Shields, R. E., Maguire, K. Q., & Carleton, R. N. (2025) · Mental Health & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.mhp.2025.200459 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Guo, X., Papagiannidis, S., & Alamanos, E. (2026) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.70038 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vazifehkhorani, A. K., Jafari, M. R., & Rahmati, F. (2022) · ranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.52547/ijhehp.10.4.350 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Davoudi, M., Rishehri, A. P., & Danesh, E. (2023) · doi:10.61838/kman.pwj.4.2.5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zarling, A. L., Scheffert, R., Berta, M., & Mendoza, J. (2024) · Corrections · doi:10.1080/23774657.2024.2342878 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Taheri, A. A., Foroughi, A., Davoudi, M., Heshmati, K., Mohammdpour, M., & Khoramnia, S. (2021) · Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.32598/shenakht.8.2.143
Schurr, H., Tuluca, A., & Bailey, B. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.32604/ijmhp.2022.017990
Han, A., & Kim, T. H. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.39182
Lappalainen, R. I., Keinonen, K., & Lappalainen, P. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197550076.013.28
Zarling, A. L., Kim, J., Russell, D. W., & Cutrona, C. E. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.47943
فعالية برنامج قائم علي العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في خفض الألكسيثيميا لدي عينة من المراهقين المكفوفين
محمود, س. ع. ا., حسن, م. ا. ا., & الغفور, م. ع. ا. ع. (2023) · Journal of Educational Sciences - Qena Faculty of Education · doi:10.21608/maeq.2023.299979
Understanding moral injury and its predictors among Chinese physicians
Shao, R., Wang, Y., & Worthington, R. P. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-12628-6
Zhang, Z., Sun, J., Peters, D., & Calvo, R. A. (2025) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3715336.3735681
Outcomes of AI-Assisted Interventions to Reduce Nurse Burnout
Nawaz, A., Nisa, Q. U., Tahira, Y., & Taj, S. (2025) · Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal · doi:10.54112/bcsrj.v6i11.2021
Balsom, A. A., Klest, B., Sander, B. J., & Gordon, J. L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26702290
Armaou, M., Tate, S., Konstantinidis, S. T., & Blake, H. (2025) · Occupational Health · doi:10.3390/occuphealth1010002
Axenova, K., Malkin, A., & Thomson, K. M. (2026) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1080/01608061.2025.2609552
Pan, M., Zou, H., Luo, D., Tian, C., Yuan, X., Gong, X., Shen, M., Li, X., & Yang, B. X. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-07966-6
Huang, Z., Diao, P., Tian, T., Yang, L., & Li, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1581857
Stoica, A., David, D., & Iuga, I. A. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2026.100617
Interventions to improve retention of social workers: a scoping review
Dencker-Larsen, S., Salado‐Rasmussen, J., Søe, M. A., & Ebsen, F. C. (2026) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2026.2718322
Características y Eficacia de Intervenciones de ACT en Línea en Trabajadores: Revisión Sistemática
López, L. S. B., Santana-Cárdenas, S., Ramírez-Cruz, J. C., & Contreras, H. R. (2026) · PSICUMEX · doi:10.36793/psicumex.v16i1.829
- Authors
- Barrett, K., & Stewart, I.
- Affiliations
- School of Psychology National University of Ireland Galway Ireland
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Venue
- Health & Social Care in the Community
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-07-02
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 113-126
- ISSN
- 0966-0410 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2524
- OpenAlex
- W3038545999
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 6.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Health & Social Care in the Community (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, online intervention, online therapy, occupational stress, burnout, mental health, psychological flexibility, brief psychological intervention
- MeSH terms
- Burnout, Professional, Health Personnel, Humans, Mental Health, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
