Synapse elimination and learning rules co-regulated by MHC class I H2-Db
Open accessAbstract
The formation of precise connections between retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) involves the activity-dependent elimination of some synapses, with strengthening and retention of others. Here we show that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule H2-D(b) is necessary and sufficient for synapse elimination in the retinogeniculate system. In mice lacking both H2-K(b) and H2-D(b) (K(b)D(b)(-/-)), despite intact retinal activity and basal synaptic transmission, the developmentally regulated decrease in functional convergence of retinal ganglion cell synaptic inputs to LGN neurons fails and eye-specific layers do not form. Neuronal expression of just H2-D(b) in K(b)D(b)(-/-) mice rescues both synapse elimination and eye-specific segregation despite a compromised immune system. When patterns of stimulation mimicking endogenous retinal waves are used to probe synaptic learning rules at retinogeniculate synapses, long-term potentiation (LTP) is intact but long-term depression (LTD) is impaired in K(b)D(b)(-/-) mice. This change is due to an increase in Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors. Restoring H2-D(b) to K(b)D(b)(-/-) neurons renders AMPA receptors Ca(2+) impermeable and rescues LTD. These observations reveal an MHC-class-I-mediated link between developmental synapse pruning and balanced synaptic learning rules enabling both LTD and LTP, and demonstrate a direct requirement for H2-D(b) in functional and structural synapse pruning in CNS neurons.
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In cortical pyramidal neurons, MHCI is present pre- and post-synaptically at glutamatergic synapses, and its surface expression is activity-modulated, allowing regulation of synaptic plasticity.
“In cortical pyramidal neurons, MHCI is present both pre- and post-synaptically at glutamatergic synapses, where its surface expression is tightly modulated by activity, therefore allowing it to regulate synaptic plasticity191,193–199.”
From Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder (2015) · cites this paper as [194]
H2-K and H2-D negatively regulate dendritic complexity and the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in hippocampal and cortical neurons.
“H2-K and H2-D also negatively regulate dendritic complexity and the frequency and amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in hippocampal and cortical neurons”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
H2-K and H2-D limit the levels of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors in the lateral geniculate nucleus.
“limit the levels of Ca2+-permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the lateral geniculate nucleus.21,22,26,27,28,29”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Proteins of the complement cascade (including C1q, C3, and C4) and members of MHCI (including H2-K and H2-D) contribute to synapse elimination in the developing visual system.
“proteins of the complement cascade (including C1q, C3, and C4) and members of MHCI (including H2-K and H2-D) contribute to synapse elimination in the developing visual system.20,21,22,23,24,25”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Many immune proteins have non-immune roles in the healthy nervous system, where they are required for normal neuronal development, dendritic morphology, and synaptic transmission.
“many immune proteins have non-immune roles in the healthy nervous system, where they are required for normal neuronal development, dendritic morphology, and synaptic transmission.”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
A growing number of immune proteins have been identified that play central roles in neuronal homeostasis, where they negatively regulate neurite length, dendritic complexity, and synaptic transmission, and many are upregulated by TLR9.
“A growing number of immune proteins have been identified that play central roles in neuronal homeostasis, where they negatively regulate neurite length, dendritic complexity, and synaptic transmission,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,45,46,48,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79 and many are upregulated by TLR9.”
From An innate immune response to adeno-associated virus genomes decreases cortical dendritic complexity and disrupts synaptic transmission (2024) · cites this paper as [22]
Cx3cr1 knockout in amyloid models was reportedly accompanied by increased proinflammatory cytokines, tau pathology, and functional deficits.
“this was reportedly accompanied by increased proinflammatory cytokines, tau pathology, and functional deficits (Cho et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2014).”
From Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (2018) · cites this paper as Lee et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Lee, H., Brott, B. K., Kirkby, L. A., Adelson, J. D., Cheng, S., Feller, M. B., Datwani, A., & Shatz, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Sage Bionetworks (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shatz, Carla J.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2014-03-30
- Volume
- 509
- Issue
- 7499
- Pages
- 195-200
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4016165
- OpenAlex
- W2050923395
- Cited by
- 228
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18
- FWCI
- 14.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH071666, T32MH020016)
- National Eye Institute (R01 EY-13528, EY02858, R01EY002858, R01EY013528, R37EY002858)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- MHC class I, synaptic pruning, retinogeniculate pathway, lateral geniculate nucleus, retinal ganglion cells, eye-specific segregation, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, AMPA receptors, Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, synaptic plasticity, visual system development, H-2Kb, immune system
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Calcium, Geniculate Bodies, H-2 Antigens, Neural Pathways, Synaptic Transmission, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Synapses, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Long-Term Potentiation, Long-Term Synaptic Depression, Mice, Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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