Cited by 533melanin and skin pigmentationHair Growth and DisordersMelanoma and MAPK Pathways

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Hair Follicle Pigmentation

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Slominski, Andrzej, Wortsman, Jacobo, Plonka, Przemyslaw M., Schallreuter, Karin U., Paus, Ralf, Tobin, Desmond J.·2005·Journal of Investigative Dermatology

DOI 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23528.xPMC PMC1201498

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Abstract

Hair shaft melanin components (eu- or/and pheomelanin) are a long-lived record of precise interactions in the hair follicle pigmentary unit, e.g., between follicular melanocytes, keratinocytes, and dermal papilla fibroblasts. Follicular melanogenesis (FM) involves sequentially the melanogenic activity of follicular melanocytes, the transfer of melanin granules into cortical and medulla keratinocytes, and the formation of pigmented hair shafts. This activity is in turn regulated by an array of enzymes, structural and regulatory proteins, transporters, and receptors and their ligands, acting on the developmental stages, cellular, and hair follicle levels. FM is stringently coupled to the anagen stage of the hair cycle, being switched-off in catagen to remain absent through telogen. At the organ level FM is precisely coupled to the life cycle of melanocytes with changes in their compartmental distribution and accelerated melanoblast/melanocyte differentiation with enhanced secretory activity. The melanocyte compartments in the upper hair follicle also provides a reservoir for the repigmentation of epidermis and, for the cyclic formation of new anagen hair bulbs. Melanin synthesis and pigment transfer to bulb keratinocytes are dependent on the availability of melanin precursors, and regulation by signal transduction pathways intrinsic to skin and hair follicle, which are both receptor dependent and independent, act through auto-, para- or intracrine mechanisms and can be modified by hormonal signals. The important regulators are MC1 receptor its and adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, agouti protein ligands (in rodents), c-Kit, and the endothelin receptors with their ligands. Melanin itself has a wide range of bioactivities that extend far beyond its determination of hair color.

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Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation
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Garcia, 1979, Ultrastructure of melanocyte-keratinocyte interactions, Pigment Cell Res, 4, 299

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Authors: Slominski, A., Wortsman, J., Plonka, P. M., Schallreuter, K. U., Paus, R., & Tobin, D. J.
Affiliations: University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
SIU Medicine (US)
Jagiellonian University (PL)
University of Bradford (GB)
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
Corresponding author: Slominski, Andrzej
ORCID: Slominski, Andrzej
Plonka, Przemyslaw M.
Paus, Ralf
Tobin, Desmond J.
Venue: Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-01
Volume: 124
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-21
ISSN: 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23528.x
PMC: PMC1201498
OpenAlex: W2072657606
Cited by: 532
References: 68
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 1.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 3987 d)
Locations: Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (1R01-AR047079, R01AR047079)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
Keywords: hair follicle pigmentation, melanocytes, keratinocytes, dermal papilla, anagen, hair cycle, melanocyte differentiation, MC1 receptor, ACTH, melanocyte-stimulating hormone, agouti protein, CD117, endothelin receptors, melanin precursors, signal transduction, hair color
MeSH terms: Animals, Hair Color, Humans, Melanocytes, Hair Follicle

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