The Hair Follicle as a Dynamic Miniorgan
Open accessAbstract
Hair is a primary characteristic of mammals, and exerts a wide range of functions including thermoregulation, physical protection, sensory activity, and social interactions. The hair shaft consists of terminally differentiated keratinocytes that are produced by the hair follicle. Hair follicle development takes place during fetal skin development and relies on tightly regulated ectodermal-mesodermal interactions. After birth, mature and actively growing hair follicles eventually become anchored in the subcutis, and periodically regenerate by spontaneously undergoing repetitive cycles of growth (anagen), apoptosis-driven regression (catagen), and relative quiescence (telogen). Our molecular understanding of hair follicle biology relies heavily on mouse mutants with abnormalities in hair structure, growth, and/or pigmentation. These mice have allowed novel insights into important general molecular and cellular processes beyond skin and hair biology, ranging from organ induction, morphogenesis and regeneration, to pigment and stem cell biology, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we present basic concepts of hair follicle biology and summarize important recent advances in the field.
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The hair follicle is a unique mini organ that repetitively and dynamically undergoes cyclic regeneration postnatally.
“However, the hair follicle is a unique mini organ that repetitively and dynamically undergoes cyclic regeneration postnatally (6, 7).”
From Reprogramming of three-dimensional microenvironments for in vitro hair follicle induction (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Schneider, M. R., Schmidt-Ullrich, R., & Paus, R.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Schneider, Marlon R.
- Venue
- Current Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R132-R142
- ISSN
- 0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2111334492
- Cited by
- 1,119
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 7.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1663 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Current Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK1029, Pa 345/12-1, SCHM 855/3-1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › dental development and anomalies
- Keywords
- hair follicle, hair follicle development, hair cycle, anagen, catagen, telogen, keratinocytes, hair follicle regeneration, hair pigmentation, hair follicle stem cells, morphogenesis, apoptosis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hair Diseases, Morphogenesis, Stem Cells, Hair Follicle, Mice
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