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Do Lonely Days Invade the Nights? Potential Social Modulation of Sleep Efficiency
Abstract
Loneliness predicts morbidity and mortality from broad-based causes, but the reasons for this effect remain unclear. Few differences in traditional health behaviors (e.g., smoking, exercise, nutrition) have been found to differentiate lonely and nonlonely individuals. We present evidence that a prototypic restorative behavior--sleep--does make such a differentiation, not through differences in time in bed or in sleep duration, but through differences in efficacy: In the study we report here, lonely individuals evinced poorer sleep efficiency and more time awake after sleep onset than nonlonely individuals. These results, which were observed in controlled laboratory conditions and were found to generalize to the home, suggest that lonely individuals may be less resilient than nonlonely individuals in part because they sleep more poorly. These results also raise the possibility that social factors such as loneliness not only may influence the selection of health behaviors but also may modulate the salubrity of restorative behaviors.
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In young adults, greater daytime dysfunction was accompanied by more nightly micro-awakenings, an objective index of sleep continuity.
“In young adults, greater daytime dysfunction, a marker of poor sleep quality, was accompanied by more nightly micro-awakenings, an objective index of sleep continuity obtained from Sleep-Caps worn by participants during one night in the hospital and seven nights in their own beds at home [53].”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [53]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Berntson, G. G., Ernst, J. M., Gibbs, A. C., Stickgold, R., & Hobson, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Illinois Wesleyan University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 384-387
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2163380041
- Cited by
- 475
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- loneliness, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, health behavior, social factors, resilience, sleep duration
- MeSH terms
- Double-Blind Method, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Sleep, Sleep, REM, Social Behavior
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