Effect of caffeine on sleep - EEG study in late middle-age people
Open accessAbstract
1 The effect of caffeine alkaloid base (300 mg) on whole night sleep was investigated by electrophysiological techniques in six late middle age subjects (mean age 56 years), comparison being made with decaffeinated coffee and with no drink prior to sleep, using each condition five times in a balanced order on non-consecutive nights. 2 After caffeine the mean total sleep time decreased on average by 2 h, the mean sleep latency increased to 66 minutes. The number of awakenings increased and the mean total intervening wakefulness was more than doubled after caffeine. 3 In the first 3 h of sleep a decreased amount of stage 3 + 4 was observed, accompanied by an increased amount of stage 2 and of intervening wakefulness, without a significant change in the amount of rapid eye movement sleep. 4 The change in sleep pattern observed suggests an increased capability for arousal and decreased ability to develop or sustain deeper stages of non-rapid eye movement sleep after caffeine.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Two high-risk studies presented sleep staging data for only the first portion of the sleep bout without providing context.
“Two of these studies [35,36] presented sleep staging data for the fi rst portion of the sleep bout (i.e., six and three h, respectively) without providing context for this decision in the introduction or method”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Guitton, H., & Siegel, S. (1958) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3498751 · Cited by 35,281 · see citing works
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772 · see citing works
THE PHARMACOLOGICAL BASIS OF THERAPEUTICS
GOODMAN, L. S., Gilman, A. G., & Lasdon, W. S. (1967) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-196701000-00028 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
Amphetamines and related compounds
Domino, E. F. (1971) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(71)90160-x · Cited by 928 · see citing works
A STUDY OF THE METABOLISM OF THEOBROMINE, THEOPHYLLINE, AND CAFFEINE IN MAN
Cornish, H. H., & Christman, A. A. (1957) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70714-x · Cited by 302 · see citing works
AGEING, MONOAMINES, AND MONOAMINE-OXIDASE LEVELS
Robinson, D. S., Nies, A., Davis, J., Bunney, W. E., Davis, J. M., Colburn, R. W., Bourne, H. R., Shaw, D. M., & Coppen, A. J. (1972) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90293-0 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Release of norepinephrine in the central nervous system by theophylline and caffeine
Berkowitz, B. A., Tarver, J., & Spector, S. (1970) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(70)90158-5 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Goldstein, A., Kaizer, S., & Whitby, O. (1969) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1969104489 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Alcohol and Caffeine: Effect on Inferred Visual Dreaming
Gresham, S. C., Webb, W. B., & Williams, R. L. (1963) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.140.3572.1226 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Goldstein, A., Warren, R. A., & Kaizer, S. (1965) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)27091-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
PSYCHOTROPIC EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE IN MAN. II. ALERTNESS, PSYCHOMOTOR COORDINATION, AND MOOD
Goldstein, A., Kaizer, S., & Warren, R. A. (1965) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)27160-9 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Relationship of Monoamine Metabolites in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid to Age
Bowers, M. B., & GERBODE, F. A. (1968) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2191256a0 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Some effects of caffeine and aminophylline on the turnover of catecholamines in the brain
Waldeck, B. (1971) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1971.tb10198.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Drugs of Dependence Though Not of Abuse: Fenfluramine and Imipramine
Oswald, I., LEWIS, S. A., Dunleavy, D. L. F., Brezinova, V., & Briggs, M. (1971) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.3.5766.70 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Atlas of Electroencephalography
Guberman, A. H., Couture, M., & Chokroverty, S. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1097/00004691-199004000-00012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
ON THE PHARMACOLOGY OF DREAMING SLEEP (THE D STATE)
Hartmann, E. L. (1968) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-196802000-00008 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF SLEEP
Mullin, F. J., Kleitman, N., & Cooperman, N. R. (1933) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1933.106.2.478 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
[Studies of sleep movements following caffein-containing and caffein-free coffee].
Stradomsky, N. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
[Effect of caffeine containing and caffeine free coffee on human sleep].
Müller-Limmroth, W. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- GIBBS, F.A. & GIBBS, E.L. (1958). Atlas of Electro- encephalography, Vol. 1. Reading, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
- OSWALD, I. (1970). Effects on sleep of amphetamine and its derivatives. In: Amphetamines and related compounds, ed. Costa, E. & Garattini, S., pp. 865-871. New York: Raven Press.
- Goodman, L.S. & Gilman, A., pp. 354-366. New York: Macmillan.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nehlig, A., Daval, J., & Debry, G. (1992) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(92)90012-b · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works
Psychomotor function and psychoactive drugs.
Hindmarch, I. (1980) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01745.x · Cited by 519 · see citing works
Clark, I., & Landolt, H. P. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.01.006 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Circadian system, sleep and endocrinology
Morris, C. J., Aeschbach, D., & Scheer, F. A. J. L. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.003 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Gardiner, C., Weakley, J., Burke, L. M., Roach, G. D., Sargent, C., Maniar, N., Townshend, A., & Halson, S. L. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
“Outcome data reported as a combination of distinctly different sleep stages [27,36] were excluded from the meta-analysis.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Health Consequences of Caffeine
Curatolo, P. W., & ROBERTSON, D. (1983) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-641 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Hindmarch, I., Rigney, U., Stanley, N., Quinlan, P., Rycroft, J., & Lane, J. (2000) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000383 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Does caffeine intake enhance absolute levels of cognitive performance?
Jarvis, M. J. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246949 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Caffeine Use as a Model of Acute and Chronic Insomnia
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1992) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.6.526 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Dose-related sleep disturbances induced by coffee and caffeine
Karacan, I., Thornby, J. I., Anch, A. M., Booth, G. H., Williams, R. L., & Salis, P. J. (1976) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1976206682 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Arnaud, M. J. (1987) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-9289-6_9 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Caffeine consumption and weekly sleep patterns in US seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders
Pollak, C. P., & Bright, D. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.1.42 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep–wake regulation: state of the science and perspectives
Reichert, C. F., Deboer, T., & Landolt, H. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13597 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“Polysomnographic measures of sleep latency were consistently prolonged (Brezinova, 1974; Drapeau et al., 2006; Karacan et al., 1976; Landolt, Dijk, et al., 1995; Okuma et al., 1982; Paterson et al., 2009; Robillard et al., 2015; Youngstedt et al., 2000) and sleep efficiency was reduced (Bonnet &…”
BackgroundSleep Hygiene Practices in a Population-Based Sample of Insomniacs
Jefferson, C. D., Drake, C. L., Scofield, H., Myers, E., McClure, T., Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.5.611 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Caffeine and Endurance Performance
Tarnopolsky, M. A. (1994) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199418020-00004 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Situational insomnia: consistency, predictors, and outcomes
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2003) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.8.1029 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Caffeine and diazepam: Separate and combined effects on mood, memory, and psychomotor performance
Loke, W. H., Hinrichs, J. V., & Ghoneim, M. M. (1985) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432719 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Caffeine‐ and Aminophylline‐Induced Seizures
Chu, N. (1981) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1981.tb04335.x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Heterocyclic amphetamine derivatives and caffeine on sleep in man
Nicholson, A., & Stone, B. (1980) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb05833.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Caffeine consumption, insomnia, and sleep duration: Results from a nationally representative sample
Chaudhary, N. S., Grandner, M. A., JACKSON, N. J., & Chakravorty, S. (2016) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.005 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Effects of Caffeine are more Marked on Daytime Recovery Sleep than on Nocturnal Sleep
Carrier, J., Fernandez‐Bolaños, M., Robillard, R., Dumont, M., Paquet, J., Selmaoui, B., & Filipini, D. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301198 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Physiologic and psychotropic effects of caffeine on man. A review
Stephenson, P. E. (1977) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)40969-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Sánchez, S. E., Martinez, C., Oriol, R. A., Yanez, D., Castañeda, B. C., Sánchez, E., Gelaye, B., & Williams, M. A. (2013) · Health · doi:10.4236/health.2013.58a2005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Benzodiazepines and caffeine: effect on daytime sleepiness, performance, and mood
Johnson, L. C., Spinweber, C. L., & Gomez, S. A. (1990) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244120 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
People Use Self-Control to Risk Personal Harm: An Intra-Interpersonal Dilemma
Rawn, C. D., & Vohs, K. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310381084 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The association of stress with sleep quality among medical students at King Abdulaziz University
Safhi, M. A., Alafif, R. A., Alamoudi, N., Alamoudi, M., Alghamdi, W. A., Albishri, S., & Rizk, H. A. (2020) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_745_19 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
The dose-response effects of caffeine on sleep in rats
Yanik, G., Glaum, S. R., & Radulovacki, M. G. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90141-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Smith, B. D., Wilson, R. J., & Jones, B. E. (1983) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1983.tb00896.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Slow Wave Sleep Deficiency Insomnia: A Problem in Thermo‐Downregulation at Sleep Onset
Sewitch, D. E. (1987) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00279.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Massey, L. K. (1998) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-199813010-00005 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Abe, M., & Abe, H. (2019) · Personalized Medicine Universe · doi:10.1016/j.pmu.2019.05.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Incorporation of caffeine into a quantitative model of fatigue and sleep
Puckeridge, M., Fulcher, B., Phillips, A. J. K., & Robinson, P. A. (2010) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.12.018 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Smith, B. D., Rypma, C. B., & Wilson, R. J. (1981) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(81)90022-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Model insomnia by methylphenidate and caffeine and use in the evaluation of temazepam
Ōkuma, T., Matsuoka, H., Matsue, Y., & Toyomura, K. (1982) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00432545 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Caffeine and novelty: Effects on electrodermal activity and performance
Davidson, R. A., & Smith, B. D. (1991) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(91)90346-p · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Dose and timing effects of caffeine on subsequent sleep: a randomized clinical crossover trial
Gardiner, C., Weakley, J. J. S., Burke, L. M., Fernandez, F., Johnston, R. D., Leota, J., Russell, S., Munteanu, G., TOWNSHEND, A. D., & Halson, S. L. (2024) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsae230 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Regular Caffeine Intake Delays REM Sleep Promotion and Attenuates Sleep Quality in Healthy Men
Weibel, J., Lin, Y.-S., Landolt, H., Berthomier, C., Brandewinder, M., Kistler, J., Rehm, S., Rentsch, K., Meyer, M., Borgwardt, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/07487304211013995 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Effect of Caffeine Ingestion during Evening Exercise on Subsequent Sleep Quality in Females
Ali, A., O’Donnell, J., Starck, C. S., & Rutherfurd-Markwick, K. J. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1398580 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Doty, T. J., So, C. J., Bergman, E. M., Trach, S. K., Ratcliffe, R. H., Yarnell, A. M., Capaldi, V. F., Moon, J. E., Balkin, T. J., & Quartana, P. J. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx171 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Electrodermal activity and extraversion: Caffeine, preparatory signal and stimulus intensity effects
Smith, B. D., Wilson, R. J., & Davidson, R. (1984) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(84)90138-7 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sleep studies in clinical pharmacology.
Oswald, I. (1980) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01767.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The Physiological Effects of Coffee Consumption
Bättig, K. (1985) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6657-1_15 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The pharmacology and toxicology of caffeine
LACHANCE, M. P. (1982) · Journal of Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1745-4565.1982.tb00435.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diet and sleep health: a scoping review of intervention studies in adults
Burrows, T. L., Fenton, S., & Duncan, M. J. (2020) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12709 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Pathologic sleepiness induced by caffeine
Regestein, Q. R. (1989) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80619-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Two Types of Insomnia: Too Much Waking or Not Enough Sleep
Březinová, V., Oswald, I., & Loudon, J. (1975) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.126.5.439 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationArousal and habituation: Differential effects of caffeine, sensation seeking and task difficulty
Davidson, R. A., & Smith, B. D. (1989) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(89)90187-6 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Sleep and circadian rhythms in normal aging
Carrier, J., & Bliwise, D. L. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0217-3_24 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rohsenow, D. J., Howland, J., Alvarez, L., Nelson, K. P., Langlois, B. K., Verster, J. C., Sherrard, H., & Arnedt, J. T. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The influence of chronic caffeine administration on sleep parameters in the cat
Sinton, C. M., & Petitjean, F. (1989) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90179-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Medication and Substance Abuse
Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6645-3.00132-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Tartar, J. L., Banks, J., Marang, M., Pizzo, F., & António, J. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.20534 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Peper, A., Grimbergen, C. A., Kraal, J. W., & Jh, E. (1988) · Journal of Theoretical Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5193(88)80188-7 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Darragh, A. C., Kenny, M., Lambe, R., & O’Kelly, D. A. (1981) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/bf02938197 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Caffeine produces REM sleep rebound in rats
Radulovacki, M. G., Walovitch, R. C., & Yanik, G. (1980) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91060-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Psychomotor Function and Psychoactive Drugs
Hindmarch, I. (1981) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-06038-2_3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Age- and dose-specific effects of caffeine on sleep: A meta-analysis of controlled crossover trials
Chang, Y.-H., Cheng, Y., & Cheng, W. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106874 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Reversal by Caffeine of Triazolam-Induced Impairment of Waking Function
Roehrs, T., Zwyghuizen‐Doorenbos, A., Smith, D. T., Zorick, F. J., & Roth, T. G. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-73288-1_14 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hinton, D. J., Andres‐Beck, L. G., Nett, K. E., Oliveros, A., Choi, S. H., Veldić, M., & Choi, D. (2019) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111943 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Medication and Substance Abuse
Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00140-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
State-Altering Actions of Ethanol, Caffeine, and Nicotine
Roth, T. G., & Roehrs, T. (1998) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780849331510.ch25 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Oswald, I. (1978) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-7102-0_8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Estler, C. ‐. (1982) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67770-0_17 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Roehrs, T., & Roth, T. G. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3375-0_30 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dietary Caffeine and Its Toxicity
Bergman, J., & DEWS, P. B. (1987) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-332602-7.50014-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
PROCEEDINGS OF THE British Pharmacological Society 4th–6th April, 1979
Hall, B. E., & JAMES, S. P. (1979) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1979.tb10847.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Modulating sleep: slow oscillation and spindle stimulation effects on physiology and memory
Jourde, H. R., Sita, K. Z., Eyqvelle, Z., Brooks, M., & Coffey, E. B. J. (2026) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-025-00383-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chmiel, J., & Kurpas, D. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18081220 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cultural Beliefs and Caffeine-induced Sleep Disorder: The Kopitiam Man
My, L., Bharathy, A., & Russell (2015) · The Malaysian journal of psychiatry · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Some physiological effects of psychotropic drugs.
Oswald, I., & Bexinova, V. (1976) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb03712.x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Effects of Caffeine on Sleep Patterns Among Adolescents
Margolis, L. E. (2009) · Vanderbilt Undergraduate Research Journal · doi:10.15695/vurj.v5i0.2847 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Caffeine abuse: the phantom differential in sleep complaints/disorders?
Mercader, C., & Patel, B. P. (2013) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2012.715228 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders and Their Psychiatric Significance
Derman, S., Williams, R. L., & Karacan, I. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-7289-9_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
State-Altering Actions of Ethanol, Caffeine, and Nicotine
Roth, T. G., & Roehrs, T. (1998) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420048247.ch25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adam, K. (1979) · Nutrition Bulletin · doi:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1979.tb00405.x
The intrasleep relationship between wake and stage 4 examined by transition probability analysis
Merica, H., Blois, R., & Gaillard, J.-M. (1989) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(89)90193-5
Association of Caffeine C onsumption and Sleep Patt erns in Emerging Adults
Hawkshead, C. T. (2008)
Chapter 24 Sleep and circadian rhythms in normal aging
Carrier, J., & Bliwise, D. L. (2003)
Jefferson, C., Drake, C. L., Scofield, H., Myers, E., McClure, T., Roehrs, T., Roth, T. G., & Ford, H. (2005)
Sleep and cargo reorganization: A hypothesis
McCloskey, R. J. (2017) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.01.006
Caffeine and Insomnia in Elderly People
Wynne, H. (2000) · Modern nutrition · doi:10.1201/9781420038941.ch7
Sleep Studies in Clinical Pharmacology
Oswald, I. (1981) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-06038-2_4
(1977) · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00447.x
Roussel, B., Maslin, J., & Dittmar, A. (1995) · Presses universitaires de Lyon eBooks · doi:10.4000/books.pul.39752
Li, J.-K., Wang, R., Meng, X.-Y., & Kang, J. (2026) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02890-3
- Authors
- BŘEZINOVÁ, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- BŘEZINOVÁ, VLASTA
- Venue
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1974-06
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-208
- ISSN
- 0306-5251 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2125
- PMC
- PMC1402564
- OpenAlex
- W2075118390
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- caffeine, sleep, sleep architecture, sleep latency, total sleep time, sleep awakenings, NREM sleep, REM sleep, middle age (human life stage), caffeine alkaloids, decaffeinated coffee
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
