Comparative studies of microbial populations in the rumen, duodenum, ileum and faeces of lactating dairy cows
Abstract
AIMS: Understanding factors that influence the composition of microbial populations of the digestive system of dairy cattle will be key in regulating these populations to improve animal performance. Although rumen microbes are well studied, little is known of the dynamics and role of microbial populations in the small intestine of cows. Comparisons of fingerprints of microbial populations were used to investigate the effects of gastrointestinal (GI) segment and animal on community structure. METHODS AND RESULTS: Samples from four lactating dairy cows with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulae were collected. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) comparisons of small subunit rRNA genes revealed differences in microbial populations between GI segments (P < 0.05). No significant differences in either methanogen populations or microbial community profiles between animals were observed. Quantitative PCR was used to assay relative changes in methanogen numbers compared to procaryote rRNA gene numbers, and direct microscopic counts were used to enumerate total procaryote numbers of the duodenal and ileal samples. CONCLUSIONS: T-RFLP comparisons illustrate significant changes in microbial diversity as digesta passes from one segment to another. Direct counts indicate that microbial numbers are reduced by eight orders of magnitude from the rumen, through the abomasum, and into the duodenum (from c. 10(12) to c. 3.6 x 10(4) cells per ml). Quantitative PCR analyses of rRNA genes indicate that methanogens are present in the duodenum and ileum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The contribution of microbial populations of the small intestine to the nutrition and health of cattle is seldom addressed but warrants further investigation.
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Most microbes flowing from the rumen into the abomasum are lysed by the low pH and enzymatic activity within the organ.
“Most microbes flowing from the rumen into the abomasum are lysed by the low pH and enzymatic activity within the organ.”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Frey et al., 2010
As a consequence of the harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the abomasum and at the beginning of the small intestine, microbial numbers and diversity plummet by several orders of magnitude in the abomasum, duodenum and jejunum as compared to the rumen.
“As a consequence of the harsh environmental conditions prevailing in the abomasum and at the beginning of the small intestine, microbial numbers and diversity plummet by several orders of magnitude in the abomasum, duodenum and jejunum as compared to the rumen (Frey et al., 2010; He et al., 2018; Yeoman et al., 2018).”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Frey et al., 2010
From the ileum onwards, including caecum, colon and feces, favorable fermentation conditions are present again and microbial density and phylogenetic diversity increase to a level comparable to that of the rumen.
“From the ileum onwards, including caecum, colon and feces, favorable fermentation conditions are present again and microbial density and phylogenetic diversity increase to a level comparable to that of the rumen (Frey et al., 2010; De Oliveira et al., 2013; Popova et al., 2017; He et al., 2018; Yeoman et al., 2018).”
From Addressing global ruminant agricultural challenges through understanding the rumen microbiome: past, present, and future (2018) · cites this paper as Frey et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Frey, J. C., Pell, A. N., Berthiaume, R., Lapierre, H., Lee, S., Ha, J. K., Mendell, J. E., & Angert, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Angert, E.R.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Microbiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1982-93
- ISSN
- 1364-5072 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2672
- OpenAlex
- W1966052286
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johnson and Johnson
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- rumen microbiota, small intestinal microbiota, duodenum, ileum, lactating dairy cows, methanogenic archaea, microbial community structure, microbial diversity, bacterial abundance, T-RFLP, real-time PCR, dairy cattle nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Cattle, DNA, Bacterial, Duodenum, Feces, Female, Genes, Bacterial, Ileum, Lactation, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Rumen, Colony Count, Microbial, Genes, rRNA
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