Mid‐life adiposity factors relate to blood–brain barrier integrity in late life
Open accessAbstract
Abstract. Gustafson DR, Karlsson C, Skoog I, Rosengren L, Lissner L, Blennow K (Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Mid‐life adiposity factors relate to blood–brain barrier integrity in late life. J Intern Med 2007; 262: 643–650. Objective. We explored the relationship between adiposity factors measured during mid‐life and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity measured via the cerebrospinal fluid/serum (CSF/S) albumin ratio in late life. Adiposity factors included body mass index and blood levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and leptin. Design. Retrospective analyses over 24 years within a longitudinal study. Setting. Population‐based sample. Subjects. Eighty‐one women. Main outcome measures. CSF/S albumin ratio. Results. The CSF/S albumin ratio measured at age 70–84 years was higher amongst women who were overweight or obese (6.50 ± 2.79 vs. 5.23 ± 1.61, age‐adjusted P = 0.012), and was inversely correlated with SHBG (age‐adjusted r = −0.321, P < 0.005) at age 46–60 years. In stepwise regression models, SHBG predicted the CSF/S albumin ratio (beta = −0.017, R2 = 0.107, P = 0.007). The best model (R2 = 0.187) predicting CSF/S albumin ratio included SHBG, age group (age 46 years versus >46), overweight or obesity, and an age group by SHBG interaction. Conclusions. Lower levels of SHBG in mid‐life were related to worse BBB integrity in women after 24 years in late life, even considering other adiposity factors. SHBG may be important for understanding sex hormone‐mediated mechanisms in brain health or as an independent marker of adipose tissue, the largest endocrine organ.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Body mass index measured in midlife is more strongly associated with VCI, whereas body weight measured later in life has an inverse association with cognitive impairment, with obesity associated with lower risk of dementia.
“Body mass index measured in midlife is more strongly associated with VCI, whereas body weight measured later in life has an inverse association with cognitive impairment, where obesity is associated with a lower risk of dementia.320”
From Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2011) · cites this paper as [320]
The Introduction says high BMI has been associated with dementia, and the Results report that women overweight or obese in midlife had a higher blood–brain barrier permeability measure 24 years later. The paper does not establish a stronger association specifically with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), compare midlife BMI with later-life weight as predictors of cognitive impairment, or report that later-life obesity lowers dementia risk. The cited passages have no page numbers in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., & Friedman, J. M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/372425a0 · Cited by 13,419 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
&NA; (1988) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198802020-00022 · Cited by 12,603 · see citing works
Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. Adults
Calle, E. E., Rodriguez, C., Walker-Thurmond, K., & Thun, M. J. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021423 · Cited by 7,696 · see citing works
Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals
Friedman, J. M., & Halaas, J. L. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/27376 · Cited by 5,405 · see citing works
Maffei, M., Halaas, J., Ravussin, E., Pratley, R. E., Lee, G. H., Zhang, Y., Fei, H., Kim, S., Lallone, R., Ranganathan, S., et al. (1995) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1195-1155 · Cited by 3,725 · see citing works
Blennow, K., de Leon, M. J., & Zetterberg, H. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69113-7 · Cited by 3,134 · see citing works
Self-citationDing, E. L., Song, Y., Malik, V. S., & Liu, S. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.11.1288 · Cited by 1,354 · see citing works
A COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE
Åsberg, M., Montgomery, S., Perris, C., Schalling, D., & Sedvall, G. (1978) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1978.tb02357.x · Cited by 1,327 · see citing works
Obesity and Vascular Risk Factors at Midlife and the Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer Disease
Kivipelto, M., Ngandu, T., Fratiglioni, L., Viitanen, M., Kåreholt, I., Winblad, B., Helkala, E.-L., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., & Nissinen, A. (2005) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.62.10.1556 · Cited by 1,291 · see citing works
Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study
Whitmer, R. A., Gunderson, E. P., Barrett-Connor, E., Quesenberry, C. P., & Yaffe, K. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38446.466238.e0 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
An 18-Year Follow-up of Overweight and Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Gustafson, D., Rothenberg, E., Blennow, K., Steen, B., & Skoog, I. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.13.1524 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
Self-citationAdiponectin acts in the brain to decrease body weight
Qi, Y., Takahashi, N., Hileman, S. M., Patel, H. R., Berg, A. H., Pajvani, U. B., Scherer, P. E., & Ahima, R. S. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1029 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
A Population-Based Study of Dementia in 85-Year-Olds
Skoog, I. G., Nilsson, L., Palmertz, B., Andreasson, L., & Svanborg, A. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199301213280301 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Self-citationBlood-brain barrier transport of cytokines: a mechanism for neuropathology
Banks, W. (2005) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612053381684 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
A 24-year follow-up of body mass index and cerebral atrophy
Gustafson, D., Lissner, L., Bengtsson, C., Björkelund, C., & Skoog, I. G. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000141850.47773.5f · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Self-citationLink, H., & Tibbling, G. (1977) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365517709091498 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
THE STUDY OF WOMEN IN GOTHENBURG 1968–1969 —A POPULATION STUDY
Bengtsson, C., Blohmé, G., Hallberg, L., Hällström, T., Isaksson, B., Korsan-Bengtsen, K., Rybo, G., Tibblin, E., Tibblin, G., & Westerberg, H. (1973) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1973.tb10583.x · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Link, H., & Tibbling, G. (1977) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365517709091498 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Lathe, R. (2001) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1690205 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Lindstedt, G., Lundberg, P.-A., Lapidus, L., Lundgren, H., Bengtsson, C., & Björntorp, P. (1991) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.40.1.123 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
A population study on blood-brain barrier function in 85-year-olds
Skoog, I. G., Wallin, A., Fredman, P., Hesse, C., Aevarsson, Ó., Karlsson, I., Gottfries, C. G., & Blennow, K. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.966 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Self-citationAdiposity indices and dementia
Gustafson, D. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70526-9 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Self-citationBody Mass Index, Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Hospitalization for Dementia
Rosengren, A. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.3.321 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Blood-brain barrier disturbance in patients with Alzheimer's disease is related to vascular factors
Blennow, K., Wallin, A., Fredman, P., Karlsson, I., Gottfries, C. G., & Svennerholm, L. T. (2009) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1990.tb01563.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory inhibition and energy regulation
Davidson, T. L., Kanoski, S. E., Walls, E. K., & Jarrard, L. E. (2005) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.09.004 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Body weight is regulated by the brain: a link between feeding and emotion
Kishi, T., & Elmquist, J. K. (2005) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001638 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Reduced testosterone and adrenal C19 steroid levels in obese men
Tchernof, A., Després, J.-P., Bélanger, A., Dupont, A., Prud'homme, D., Moorjani, S., Lupien, P. J., & Labrie, F. (1995) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(95)90060-8 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Grishkovskaya, I., Avvakumov, G. V., Sklenar, G., Dales, D. W., Hammond, G. L., & Muller, Y. A. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.4.504 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Leptin: a potential cognitive enhancer?
Harvey, J., Shanley, L. J., O'Malley, D., & Irving, A. J. (2005) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0331029 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Kalish, G., Barrett-Connor, E. L., Laughlin, G. A., & Gulanski, B. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021375 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
The epidemiologic study of dementia: a life-long quest?
Launer, L. J. (2005) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.016 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Bengtsson, C., Ahlqwist, M., Andersson, K., Björkelund, C., Lissner, L., & Söderström, M. (1997) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.3109/02813439709035031 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationEstradiol causes the rapid accumulation of cAMP in human prostate.
Nakhla, A. M., Khan, M., Romas, N. P., & Rosner, W. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5402 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Lapidus, L., Lindstedt, G., Lundberg, P. A., Bengtsson, C., & Gredmark, T. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.1.146 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Body mass index and white matter lesions in elderly women. An 18-year longitudinal study
Gustafson, D., Steen, B., & Skoog, I. G. (2004) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610204000353 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationBanks, W. A. (2003) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612033455350 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Wallin, A., Sjögren, M. J. C., Edman, Å., Blennow, K., & Regland, B. (2000) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000008242 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationHeiss, C. J., Sanborn, C. F., Nichols, D., Bonnick, S. L., & Alford, B. B. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.5.7745005 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg 1980–81—the Third Phase of a Longitudinal Study
Bengtsson, C., Gredmark, T., Hallberg, L., Hällstrüm, T., Isaksson, B., Lapidus, L., Lindquist, O., Lindstedt, S., Lurie, M., Nystrüm, E., et al. (1989) · Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine · doi:10.1177/140349488901700203 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Lissner, L., Karlsson, C., Lindroos, A. K., Sjöström, L., Carlsson, B., Carlsson, L. M. S., & Bengtsson, C. (1999) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00696.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationProtein Analyses in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Blennow, K., Fredman, P., Wallin, A., Gottfries, C., Långström, G., & Svennerholm, L. T. (2008) · European Neurology · doi:10.1159/000116918 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationGrishkovskaya, I., Avvakumov, G. V., Hammond, G. L., Catalano, M. G., & Muller, Y. A. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m203999200 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Palsson, S. P., Larsson, L., Tengelin, E. G., Wærn, M., Samuelsson, S., Hällström, T., & Skoog, I. G. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799003050 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Cerebral Spinal Fluid Barrier
Moody, D. M. (2006) · Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia · doi:10.1177/1089253206288992 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Identification of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in the Human Hypothalamus
Herbert, Z., Göthe, S. M., Caldwell, J. D., Bernstein, H., Melle, C., von Eggeling, F., Lewis, J. G., & Jirikowski, G. F. (2005) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000088170 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Anthropometric data in middle-aged women. The population study of women in Göteborg 1968-1969.
Bengtsson, C., Hallberg, L., Noppa, H., & Tibblin, E. (1979) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Fortunati, N., Comba, A., Becchis, M., Catalano, M. G., Fazzari, A., Fissore, F., & Frairia, R. (1996) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb16262.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Moody DM. The blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 10: 128-31.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gorelick, P. B., Scuteri, A., Black, S. E., DeCarli, C., Greenberg, S. M., Iadecola, C., Launer, L. J., Laurent, S., Lopez, O. L., Nyenhuis, D., et al. (2011) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0b013e3182299496 · Cited by 3,811 · see citing works
Western diet consumption and cognitive impairment: Links to hippocampal dysfunction and obesity
Kanoski, S. E., & Davidson, T. L. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.12.003 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Dominguez, L. J., Veronese, N., Vernuccio, L., Catanese, G., Inzerillo, F., Salemi, G., & Barbagallo, M. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13114080 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Obesity and cognitive decline: role of inflammation and vascular changes
Nguyen, J. C. D., Killcross, S., & Jenkins, T. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00375 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome on Neuroinflammation and the Blood–Brain Barrier
Dyken, P. C. V., & Lacoste, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00930 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
The longer-term impacts of Western diet on human cognition and the brain
Francis, H., & Stevenson, R. J. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.12.018 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Tucsek, Z., Tóth, P., Sosnowska, D., Gautam, T., Mitschelen, M. C., Koller, Á., Szalai, G., Sonntag, W. E., Ungvari, Z. I., & Csiszár, A. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt177 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Kanoski, S. E., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W., & Davidson, T. L. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091414 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Blood–Brain Barrier Dynamics to Maintain Brain Homeostasis
Segarra, M., Aburto, M. R., & Acker‐Palmer, A. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.12.002 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
2003-2013: A Decade of Body Mass Index, Alzheimer's Disease, and Dementia
Emmerzaal, T. L., Kiliaan, A. J., & Gustafson, D. (2014) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-141086 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Self-citationImmune aging, dysmetabolism, and inflammation in neurological diseases
Deleidi, M., Jäggle, M., & Rubino, G. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00172 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Blood-brain barrier alterations in ageing and dementia
Popescu, B. O., Toescu, E. C., Popescu, L. M., Bajenaru, O. A., Muresanu, D. F., Schultzberg, M., & Bogdanović, N. (2009) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.321 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Central and Peripheral Inflammation Link Metabolic Syndrome and Major Depressive Disorder
Chan, K. L., Cathomas, F., & Russo, S. J. (2019) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00047.2018 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Obesity and dementia: Adipokines interact with the brain
Arnoldussen, I. A. C., Kiliaan, A. J., & Gustafson, D. (2014) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.03.002 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationParimisetty, A., Dorsemans, A.-C., Awada, R., Ravanan, P., Diotel, N., & d’Hellencourt, C. L. (2016) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0530-x · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Increase in blood–brain barrier leakage in healthy, older adults
Verheggen, I. C. M., de Jong, J. J. A., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Gronenschild, E. H. B. M., Palm, W. M., Postma, A. A., Jansen, J. F. A., Verhey, F. R. J., & Backes, W. H. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00211-2 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Tucsek, Z., Toth, P., Tarantini, S., Sosnowska, D., Gautam, T., Warrington, J. P., Giles, C. B., Wren, J. D., Koller, A., Ballabh, P., et al. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu080 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Stranahan, A. M., Hao, S., Dey, A., Yu, X., & Baban, B. (2016) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16642233 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
The Complex Interactions Between Obesity, Metabolism and the Brain
Uranga, R. M., & Keller, J. N. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00513 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Tarantini, S., Valcarcel‐Ares, M. N., Yabluchanskiy, A., Tucsek, Z., Hertelendy, P., Kiss, T., Gautam, T., Zhang, X. A., Sonntag, W. E., de Cabo, R., et al. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx177 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Blood-brain barrier disruption: mechanistic links between Western diet consumption and dementia
Hsu, T. M., & Kanoski, S. E. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00088 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Blood-Brain Barriers in Obesity
Rhea, E. M., Salameh, T. S., Logsdon, A. F., Hanson, A. J., Erickson, M. A., & Banks, W. A. (2017) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-017-0079-3 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Nutritional prevention of cognitive decline and dementia.
Dominguez, L. J., & Barbagallo, M. (2018) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v89i2.7401 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Yeomans, M. R. (2017) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665117000805 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A life course of adiposity and dementia
Gustafson, D. (2008) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.052 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Microbiota-Gut-Immune-Glia (MGIG) Axis in Major Depression
Rudzki, L., & Maes, M. H. J. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-01961-y · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Obesity-induced Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: a Microvascular Perspective.
Balasubramanian, P., Kiss, T., Tarantini, S., Nyúl-Tóth, Á., Ahire, C., Yabluchanskiy, A., Csípő, T., Lipécz, Á., Tabák, Á., Institoris, A., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00736.2020 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Diet and Alzheimer's dementia – Nutritional approach to modulate inflammation
Szczechowiak, K., Diniz, B. S., & Leszek, J. (2019) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172743 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Traish, A. M., Feeley, R. J., & Guay, A. T. (2009) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07305.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Inflammatory Cascade in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Review of Experimental Findings
de Oliveira, J., Kucharska, E., Garcez, M. L., Rodrigues, M. S., Quevedo, J., Moreno‐González, I., & Budni, J. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10102581 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Obesity-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction: phenotypes and mechanisms
Feng, Z., Fang, C., Ma, Y., & Chang, J. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03104-9 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Models and mechanisms for hippocampal dysfunction in obesity and diabetes
Stranahan, A. M. (2015) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.045 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Interactions between inflammation, sex steroids, and Alzheimer’s disease risk factors
Uchoa, M. F., Moser, V. A., & Pike, C. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.09.001 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Pathogenetic pathways of cognitive dysfunction and dementia in metabolic syndrome
Borshchev, Y. Y., Uspensky, Y. P., & Galagudza, M. M. (2019) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116932 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Sex differences in Alzheimer’s disease: Understanding the molecular impact
Toro, C. A., Zhang, L., Cao, J., & Cai, D. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.031 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Guo, D.-H., Hernandez, C. M., & Stranahan, A. M. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2506-18.2019 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sex differences in the blood–brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases
Weber, C. M., & Clyne, A. M. (2021) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0035610 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Obesity and sex interact in the regulation of Alzheimer's disease
Moser, V. A., & Pike, C. J. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.021 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Adiposity and Cognitive Decline: Underlying Mechanisms
Gustafson, D. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-120487 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationNordestgaard, L. T., Tybjærg‐Hansen, A., Nordestgaard, B. G., & Frikke‐Schmidt, R. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-00195 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Effects of Obesity and Bariatric Surgery
Spitznagel, M. B., Hawkins, M. A. W., Alosco, M. L., Galioto, R., García, S., Miller, L. A., & Gunstad, J. (2015) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2393 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Animal Models of Metabolic Disorders in the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Overview
Bem, A. F. D., Krolow, R., Farias, H. R., de Rezende, V. L., Gelain, D. P., Moreira, J. C. F., Duarte, J. M. N., & de Oliveira, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.604150 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Obesity and brain illness: from cognitive and psychological evidences to obesity paradox
Monda, V., Marra, M. L., Perrella, R., Caviglia, G., Iavarone, A., Chieffi, S., Messina, G., Carotenuto, M., Monda, M., & Messina, A. (2017) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s148392 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Visceral adiposity, inflammation, and hippocampal function in obesity
Stranahan, A. M. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108920 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Howe, A.-M., Burke, S., O’Reilly, M. E., McGillicuddy, F. C., & Costello, D. A. (2022) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-022-02756-z · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Adiposity hormones and dementia
Gustafson, D. (2010) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.036 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationHow does neurovascular unit dysfunction contribute to multiple sclerosis?
Cashion, J. M., Young, K. M., & Sutherland, B. A. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106028 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Metabolic disturbances of a high-fat diet are dependent on APOE genotype and sex.
Jones, N. S., Watson, K. Q., & Rebeck, G. W. (2019) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0267-19.2019 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Decline: key features for prevention
Dominguez, L. J., Barbagallo, M., Muñoz-García, M. I., Godos, J., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2019) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612825666190722110458 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Cognition Across Aging
Lee, B. H., Richard, J. E., de leon, R. G., Yagi, S., & Galea, L. A. M. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_309 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Current Epidemiological Approaches to the Metabolic-Cognitive Syndrome
Panza, F., Solfrizzi, V., Logroscino, G., Maggi, S., Santamato, A., Seripa, D., & Pilotto, A. (2012) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2012-111496 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The Synergistic Effects of APOE Genotype and Obesity on Alzheimer’s Disease Risk
Jones, N. S., & Rebeck, G. W. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20010063 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Yalachkov, Y., Schäfer, J. H., Jakob, J., Friedauer, L., Steffen, F., Bittner, S., Foerch, C., & Schaller-Paule, M. A. (2023) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000200045 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy
Maiuolo, J., Gliozzi, M., Musolino, V., Carresi, C., Scarano, F., Nucera, S., Scicchitano, M., Bosco, F., Ruga, S., Zito, M. C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.651021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Suppression of Resting Metabolism by the Angiotensin AT2 Receptor
Littlejohn, N. K., Keen, H. L., Weidemann, B. J., Claflin, K. E., Tobin, K. V., Markan, K. R., Park, S., Naber, M. C., Gourronc, F. A., Pearson, N. A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.003 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Kimchi intake alleviates obesity-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the gut-brain axis
Kim, N., Lee, J.-E., Song, H. S., Oh, Y. J., Kwon, M., Yun, M., Lim, S. K., Park, H. K., Jang, Y. S., Lee, S., et al. (2022) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111533 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Leptin and dementia over 32 years—The Prospective Population Study of Women
Gustafson, D., Bäckman, K., Lissner, L., Carlsson, L. M. S., Wærn, M., Östling, S., Guo, X., Bengtsson, C., & Skoog, I. G. (2012) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.2411 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationMetabolic Syndrome and Neurocognitive Deficits in HIV Infection
Yu, B., Pasipanodya, E. C., Montoya, J. L., Moore, R. C., Gianella, S., McCutchan, A., Ellis, R. R., Heaton, R. K., Jeste, D. V., Moore, D. J., et al. (2019) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000001964 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ghosh, T., Richardson, M. R., Gordon, P. M., Ryder, J. R., Spector, L. G., & Turcotte, L. M. (2020) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.3334 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Central Adiposity and Cortical Thickness in Midlife
Kaur, S., Gonzales, M. M., Strasser, B., Pasha, E. P., McNeely, J., Tanaka, H., & Haley, A. P. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000202 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The influence of physiological and pathological perturbations on blood-brain barrier function
Zhao, N., Chung, T. D., Guo, Z., Jamieson, J. J., Liang, L. R., Linville, R. M., Pessell, A. F., Wang, L., & Searson, P. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2023.1289894 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Shinjyo, N., & Kita, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2021.765217 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Littlejohn, N. K., & Grobe, J. L. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00224.2015 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Klinedinst, B. S., Pappas, C. A., Le, S. T., Yu, S., Wang, Q., Wang, L., Allenspach‐Jorn, K., Mochel, J. P., & Willette, A. A. (2019) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.008 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Blood–Brain Barrier: Much More Than a Selective Access to the Brain
Sánchez-Cano, F., Hernández‐Kelly, L. C., & Ortega, A. (2021) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-021-00431-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dietary Approaches and Supplements in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer';s Disease
Dominguez, L. J., & Barbagallo, M. (2016) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612822666151204000733 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Unfavourable gender effect of high body mass index on brain metabolism and connectivity
Malpetti, M., Sala, A., Vanoli, E. G., Gianolli, L., Luzi, L., & Perani, D. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30883-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Contu, L., Nizari, S., Heath, C. J., & Hawkes, C. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01045 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Genetic Regulatory Networks of Apolipoproteins and Associated Medical Risks
Basavaraju, P., Balasubramani, R., Kathiresan, D. S., Devaraj, I., Babu, K., Vasanthakumar, A., & Moorthi, P. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.788852 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Nday, C. M., Eleftheriadou, D., & Jackson, G. E. (2017) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14256 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Colín‐Castelán, D., & Zaina, S. (2019) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-019-09486-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Hypothalamic neuronal-glial crosstalk in metabolic disease
Nguyen, L. T., & Dodd, G. T. (2024) · npj Metabolic Health and Disease · doi:10.1038/s44324-024-00026-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Microbiota-gut-immune-glia (MGIG) Axis in Major DepressionPreprint
Rudzki, L., & Maes, M. H. J. (2020) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0084.v1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Acute high-fat high-sugar diet rapidly increases blood-brain barrier permeability in mice
Leidmaa, E., Zimmer, A., Stein, V., & Gellner, A. (2025) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100574 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A Preliminary Investigation of the Effects of a Western Diet on Hippocampal Volume in Children
Stadterman, J., Belthoff, K., Han, Y., Kadesh, A. D., Yoncheva, Y. N., & Roy, A. K. (2020) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2020.00058 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Strategies for blood–brain barrier rejuvenation and repair
Searson, P. C., & Banks, W. A. (2026) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41573-025-01364-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Screening for mild cognitive impairment in people with obesity: a systematic review
Karunathilaka, N., & Rathnayake, S. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00898-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ayala-Guerrero, L., García-delaTorre, P., Sánchez‐García, S., & Guzmán-Ramos, K. R. (2022) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.06.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Dynamic regulation of the extracellular matrix in reward memory processes: a question of time
Valeri, J., Gisabella, B., & Pantazopoulos, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1208974 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Brain and Cerebrovascular Aging - New Mechanisms and Insights
Ungvari, Z. I., & Sonntag, W. E. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu187 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Introduction to the Interaction Between Gonadal Steroids and the Central Nervous System
Marshall, K. M. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_136 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Palmitic Acid Modulates Microglial Cell Response to Metabolic Endotoxemia in an In Vitro Study
Chmielarz, M., Sobieszczańska, B., Teisseyre, A., Wawrzyńska, M., Bożemska, E., & Środa-Pomianek, K. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15153463 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chu, C., Huang, S., Wang, X., Zhao, G.-Q., Hao, W., Zhong, Y., Ma, Z., Huang, C., Peng, Y., & Wei, F. (2024) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-23-566 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome and the phenotype of multiple sclerosis
Gauthier, H., Zedet, M., Wahab, A., Balde, S., Bapst, B., Lafont, C., & Créange, A. (2024) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2024.03.009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Association of HIV serostatus and metabolic syndrome with neurobehavioral disturbances
Pope, C. N., Montoya, J. L., Vásquez, E., Pérez‐Santiago, J., Ellis, R. J., McCutchan, J. A., Jeste, D. V., Moore, D. J., & Marquine, M. J. (2020) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1007/s13365-020-00878-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Obesity-mediated Lipoinflammation Modulates Food Reward Responses
Huerta, C., Caba, M., & Camacho‐Morales, A. (2023) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.019 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Alvarado, A. J. M., Brito, C. C., Román, G. C., Gareri, P., Aguilar-Navarro, S. G., Sandoval, J. L. R., Calleja-Castillo, J. M., Velázquez, C., Ardila, G. P., Merino, M. S. C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.21767/2171-6625.1000224 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Almanza, D. L., Koletar, M. M., Lai, A. Y., Lam, W. W., Joo, I. L., Hill, M. E., Stanisz, G. J., McLaurin, J., & Stefanovic, B. (2024) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.98793 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Obesity as a catalyst for neurodegeneration
Chen, B., Rodríguez-Díaz, A., Schneeberger, M., & Topol, E. J. (2026) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-026-01477-0 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Association of changes in predicted body composition with subsequent risk of dementia
Kim, S. M., Choi, S., Lee, G., Oh, Y. H., Son, J. S., Ko, A., Kim, J. S., Cho, Y., Keum, N., & Park, S. M. (2024) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.52096 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Faul, J. D. (2008) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kaya, M. Z., & Stranahan, A. M. (2025) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.70291 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gustafson, D., Li, X., Baird, A. E., Zetterberg, H., Blennow, K., Zhang, J., Spence, A. B., Maki, P. M., Sharma, A., Weber, K. M., et al. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.103052 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationMeraz‐Ríos, M. A., & Leal‐Galicia, P. (2016) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/64357 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Leo, E. E. M., Rojas-Herrera, R. A., & Campos, M. R. S. (2020) · Food Reviews International · doi:10.1080/87559129.2020.1762639 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dietary Strategies and Supplements for the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer’s Disease
Dominguez, L. J., & Barbagallo, M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815238-6.00015-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Liu, J., Rong, Z., Dang, L., Ling, G., Shan, W., Shang, S., Wang, J., Jingyi, W., Qu, Q., et al. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03143-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liang, P., Yang, L., Chen, Y., Cheng, Z., Gao, Y., Sui, C., Zhang, X., Wang, N., Wang, Y., Liang, C., et al. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70862 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mishra, S., Su, Y., Singh, S., Kumar, A., Hsu, F., Deep, G., & Brinkley, T. E. (2026) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep092878 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stomby, A. (2015) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gustafson, D. R., Karlsson, C., Skoog, I., Rosengren, L., Lissner, L., & Blennow, K.
- Affiliations
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Gustafson, D. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-11-15
- Volume
- 262
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 643-650
- ISSN
- 0954-6820 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2796
- OpenAlex
- W1563616747
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alzheimer's Association (ZEN‐01‐3151, IIRG‐00‐2159)
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap (ZEN-01-3151, IIRG-00-2159)
- Vetenskapsrådet (11267)
- Swedish Brain Power (11267)
- National Institutes of Health (1r03ag026098-01a1)
- National Institute on Aging (1R03AG026098)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier integrity, CSF/serum albumin ratio, sex hormone-binding globulin, leptin, body mass index, obesity, overweight, women, aging, sex hormones, brain health
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Albumins, Blood-Brain Barrier, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Retrospective Studies, Serum Albumin, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Biomarkers, Linear Models, Leptin, Overweight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
