The effects of a high-energy diet on hippocampal function and blood-brain barrier integrity in the rat
Open accessAbstract
Cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease are linked with intake of a Western diet, characterized by high levels of saturated fats and simple carbohydrates. In rats, these dietary components have been shown to disrupt hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes, particularly those involving spatial memory. Using a rat model, the present research assessed the degree to which consumption of a high-energy (HE) diet, similar to those found in modern Western cultures, produces a selective impairment in hippocampal function as opposed to a more global cognitive disruption. Learning and memory performance was examined following 90-day consumption of an HE-diet in three nonspatial discrimination learning problems that differed with respect to their dependence on the integrity of the hippocampus. The results showed that consumption of the HE-diet impaired performance in a hippocampal-dependent feature negative discrimination problem relative to chow-fed controls, whereas performance was spared on two discrimination problems that do not rely on the hippocampus. To explore the mechanism whereby consuming HE-diets impairs cognitive function, we investigated the effect of HE-diets on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We found that HE-diet consumption produced a decrease in mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, particularly Claudin-5 and -12, in the choroid plexus and the BBB. Consequently, an increased blood-to-brain permeability of sodium fluorescein was observed in the hippocampus, but not in the striatum and prefrontal cortex following HE-diet access. These results indicate that hippocampal function may be particularly vulnerable to disruption by HE-diets, and this disruption may be related to impaired BBB integrity.
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Health behaviors such as sleep and diet can alter blood-brain barrier permeability.
“Further, there are health behaviors such as sleep and diet that can alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (He et al., 2014; Kanoski et al., 2010)”
From The role of inflammation in core features of depression: Insights from paradigms using exogenously-induced inflammation. (2018) · cites this paper as Kanoski et al., 2010
Hypocaloric diets and/or diets of higher quality, with low fat and sugar intakes, are associated with larger brain volumes, better white matter integrity, and better cerebral health in animal models.
“Hypocaloric diets and/or diets of higher quality, with low fat and sugar intakes, are associated with larger brain volumes, better white matter integrity, and better cerebral health [94] in animal models.”
From Mediterranean diet nutrients to turn the tide against insulin resistance and related diseases (2020) · cites this paper as [94]
Hypercaloric diets, high in meat, carbohydrate and sugars intake and low in fish and vegetables, are associated with brain atrophy and cortical thickness.
“Also, cross-sectional studies have found positive associations between higher adherence to the MedDiet and larger brain volumes [96,97,98], cerebral connectivity [99], or fewer white matter lesions [100] at older ages, whereas hypercaloric diets, high in meat, carbohydrate and sugars intake and low in fish and vegetables contents, are associated with brain atrophy [94] and cortical thickness [101]”
From Mediterranean diet nutrients to turn the tide against insulin resistance and related diseases (2020) · cites this paper as [94]
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- Authors
- Kanoski, S. E., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W., & Davidson, T. L.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer's Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-07-08
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 207-219
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- PMC
- PMC4975946
- OpenAlex
- W2157103967
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (R01 HS029792)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES008146, R21ES017055, R56ES008146, ES017055, R01ES008146)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD052112, R01 HD44179, R01HD044179, R01HD028792, R01 HD 29792)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- hypercaloric diet, Western diet
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Blood-Brain Barrier, Body Weight, Cognition Disorders, Dietary Fats, Discrimination Learning, Disease Models, Animal, Food Deprivation, Gene Expression Regulation, Hippocampus, Male, Membrane Proteins, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Maze Learning, Tight Junctions, Rats
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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