Daily rhythms and sex differences in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIPR2 receptor and arginine vasopressin mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of a diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus
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Diurnal and nocturnal animals differ with respect to the time of day at which the ovulatory surge in luteinizing hormone occurs. In some species this is regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the primary circadian clock, via cells that contain vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and vasopressin (AVP). Here, we evaluated the hypothesis that chronotype differences in the timing of the luteinizing hormone surge are associated with rhythms in expression of the genes that encode these neuropeptides. Diurnal grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) were housed in a 12/12-h light-dark cycle and killed at one of six times of day (Zeitgeber time 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21; ZT 0 = lights-on). In-situ hybridization was used to compare levels of vip, avp and VIP receptor mRNA (vipr2) in the SCN of intact females, ovariectomized females, ovariectomized females given estradiol and intact males. We found a sex difference in vip rhythms with a peak occurring at ZT 13 in males and ZT 5 in intact females. In all groups avp mRNA rhythms peaked during the day, from ZT 5 to ZT 9, and had a trough in the dark at ZT 21. There was a modest rhythm and sex difference in the pattern of vipr2. Most importantly, the patterns of each of these SCN rhythms relative to the light-dark cycle resembled those seen in nocturnal rodents. Chronotype differences in timing of neuroendocrine events associated with ovulation are thus likely to be generated downstream of the SCN.
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Estrogen can alter the phasing of neurotransmitter rhythms in the SCN.
“Estrogen can also alter the phasing of neurotransmitter rhythms in the SCN [41, 97, 107].”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [107]
Ovariectomy causes an 8 hour delay in the VIP transcript rhythm in the SCN, so that its phasing resembles that of intact males.
“In the case of VIP, which is a neurotransmitter that is important for oscillator coupling, ovariectomy causes a remarkable 8 hour delay, so that the phasing of the transcript rhythm resembles that of intact males [97, 107].”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Mahoney, M. M., Ramanathan, C., Hagenauer, M. H., Thompson, R. C., Smale, L., & Lee, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mahoney, M. M.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1537-1543
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- PMC
- PMC2775094
- OpenAlex
- W2042670853
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH053433, MH69518, R03MH069518)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007048)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- suprachiasmatic nucleus, vasoactive intestinal peptide, vasopressin, circadian rhythm, sex differences, chronotype, diurnal rodents, Arvicanthis niloticus, luteinizing hormone surge, ovulation, ovariectomy, estradiol, light-dark cycle, gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arginine Vasopressin, Circadian Rhythm, Arvicolinae, Estradiol, Estrogens, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Ovariectomy, RNA, Messenger, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Sex Characteristics, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II
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