Beneficial Effect of a Low Glycaemic Index Diet in Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
Low glycaemic index foods produce low blood glucose and insulin responses in normal subjects, and improve blood glucose control in Type 1 and well‐controlled Type 2 diabetic patients. We studied the effects of a low glycaemic index diet in 15 Type 2 diabetic patients with a mean fasting blood glucose of 9.5 mmol I−1 using a randomized, crossover design. Patients were given pre‐weighed diets (59% energy as carbohydrate, 21% fat, and 24g 1000‐kcal−1 dietary fibre) for two 2‐week periods, with a diet glycaemic index of 60 during one period and 87 during the other. On the low glycaemic index diet, the blood glucose response after a representative breakfast was 29% less than on the high glycaemic index diet (874 ± 108 (± SE) vs ± 204 ± 112 mmol min I−1; p < 0.001), the percentage reduction being almost identical to the 28% difference predicted from the meal glycaemic index values. After the 2‐week low glycaemic index diet, fasting serum fructosamine and cholesterol levels were significantly less than after the high glycaemic index diet (3.17 ± 0.12 vs 3.28 ± 0.16 mmol I−1 p < 0.05, and 5.5 ± 0.4 vs 5.9 ± 0.5 mmol I−1, p < 0.02, respectively. Urinary C‐peptide excretion, as an index of insulin secretion, was 30% lower on the low than the high glycaemic index diet (2.05 ± 0.30 vs 2.93 ± 0.49 nmol mmol‐creatinine−1; p < 0.02), urinary urea was reduced by 19% (347 ± 27 vs 402 ± 39 mmol 24‐h−1; p < 0.025), consistent with enhanced colonic fermentation. These results suggest that low glycaemic index starchy foods may be beneficial in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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Low GI foods may be beneficial in the prevention and management of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
“On the basis of this mechanism, low GI foods may be beneficial in the prevention and management of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease (Wolever et al., 1992; Wolever, 2000; Jenkins, et al., 2002).”
From Role of polysaccharides in food, digestion, and health (2017) · cites this paper as Wolever et al., 1992
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“…the potential selection and/or manipulation of specific carbohydrates for therapeutic use, particularly their potential roles in the management and prevention of diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome (Wolever et al., 1992; Wolever, 2000; Jenkins et al., 2002).”
BackgroundDiet, nutrition and the prevention of type 2 diabetes
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- Authors
- Wolever, T. M. S., Jenkins, D. J. A., Vuksan, V., Jenkins, A. L., Buckley, G. C., Wong, G. S., & Josse, R. G.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Wolever, T.M.S.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 451-458
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2094350812
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 6.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Diabetes Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- low glycemic index diet, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, postprandial glucose response, fructosamine, serum cholesterol, urinary C-peptide, insulin secretion, colonic fermentation, dietary fiber, starchy foods
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Blood Glucose, C-Peptide, Energy Intake, Cholesterol, Creatinine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Diabetic, Dietary Carbohydrates, Female, Glyburide, Hexosamines, Humans, Insulin, Male, Triglycerides, Urea, Biomarkers, Fructosamine
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