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Cited by 350Food composition and propertiesNutritional Studies and DietDiet and metabolism studies

Carbohydrate and fiber recommendations for individuals with diabetes: a quantitative assessment and meta-analysis of the evidence

Anderson, James W., Randles, Kim M., Kendall, Cyril W. C., Jenkins, David J. A.·2004·Journal of the American College of Nutrition
DOI 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719338
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Abstract

To review international nutrition recommendations with a special emphasis on carbohydrate and fiber, analyze clinical trial information, and provide an evidence-based recommendation for medical nutrition therapy for individuals with diabetes. Relevant articles were identified by a thorough review of the literature and the data tabulated. Fixed-effects meta-analyses techniques were used to obtain mean estimates of changes in outcome measures in response to diet interventions. Most international organizations recommend that diabetic individuals achieve and maintain a desirable body weight with a body mass index of </=25 kg/m(2). For diabetic subjects moderate carbohydrate, high fiber diets compared to moderate carbohydrate, low fiber diets are associated with significantly lower values for: postprandial plasma glucose, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. High carbohydrate, high fiber diets compared to moderate carbohydrate, low fiber diets are associated with lower values for: fasting, postprandial and average plasma glucose; hemoglobin A(1c); total, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Low glycemic index diets compared to high glycemic index diets are associated with lower fasting plasma glucose values and lower glycated protein values. Based on these analyses we recommend that the diabetic individual should be encouraged to achieve and maintain a desirable body weight and that the diet should provide these percentages of nutrients: carbohydrate, >/=55%; protein, 12-16%; fat, <30%; and monounsaturated fat, 12-15%. The diet should provide 25-50 g/day of dietary fiber (15-25 g/1000 kcal). Glycemic index information should be incorporated into exchanges and teaching material.

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Crossref · 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719338

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  • Anderson et al. performed a meta-analysis comparing low-GI with high-GI diets and showed significant benefits for glycemic control and lipid profile.

    “Anderson et al (51) performed a meta-analysis that compared low-GI with high-GI diets and showed significant benefits in terms of glycemic control and lipid profile.”

    From Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [51]

  • Removal of bran and germ reduces dietary fiber that has important benefits, including lowering blood pressure and cholesterol.

    “removal of bran and germ reduces dietary fiber that has important benefits, including lowering of BP and cholesterol levels31,32;”

    From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [31]

  • In RCTs, increased dietary fiber reduces serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure.

    “In RCTs, increased dietary fiber reduces serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and BP.31,32”

    From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [31]

  • The effects of dietary fiber are best established, including lowering of serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure.

    “The effects of dietary fiber are best established, including lowering of serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and BP.31,32”

    From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [31]

  • Consumption of added sugars in the United States increased from 10.6% of calories in 1977-1978 to 15.8% of calories currently.

    “Consumption of added sugars has increased markedly in the United States from 1977-1978, when it was 10.6% of calories, to the current intake of 15.8% of calories.407,408”

    From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [407]

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Authors
Anderson, J. W., Randles, K. M., Kendall, C. W. C., & Jenkins, D. J. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Kentucky (US)
  • St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
Corresponding author
Anderson, James W.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American College of Nutrition
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2004-02
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
5-17
ISSN
  • 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
  • 1541-1087
DOI
10.1080/07315724.2004.10719338
OpenAlex
W2130574277
Cited by
350
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 29
FWCI
1.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
Keywords
diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate intake, dietary fiber, medical nutrition therapy, glycemic index, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, weight management, dietary recommendations, monounsaturated fatty acids, protein intake
MeSH terms
Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Diet, Diabetic, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Humans, Body Mass Index, Evidence-Based Medicine

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