Improved Plasma Glucose Control, Whole-Body Glucose Utilization, and Lipid Profile on a Low-Glycemic Index Diet in Type 2 Diabetic Men
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OBJECTIVE—To determine whether a chronic low-glycemic index (LGI) diet, compared with a high-glycemic index (HGI) diet, has beneficial effects on plasma glucose control, lipid metabolism, total fat mass, and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Twelve type 2 diabetic men were randomly allocated to two periods of 4 weeks of an LGI or HGI carbohydrate diet separated by a 4-week washout interval, in a crossover design. RESULTS—The LGI diet induced lower postprandial plasma glucose and insulin profiles and areas under the curve than after the HGI diet. At the end of the two dietary periods, the 7-day dietary records demonstrated equal daily total energy and macronutrient intake. Body weight and total fat mass were comparable. Four-week LGI versus HGI diet induced improvement of fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.01, Δ changes during LGI vs. HGI), HbA1c (P < 0.01), and whole-body glucose utilization measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (P < 0.05). LGI diet induced a decrease in fasting plasma total and LDL cholesterol (Δ changes LGI vs. HGI, P < 0.01), free fatty acids (P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 activity. CONCLUSIONS—Only 4 weeks of an LGI diet was able to improve glycemic control, glucose utilization, some lipid profiles, and the capacity for fibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes. Even if changes in glycemic control were modest during the 4-week period, the use of an LGI diet in a longer-term manner might play an important role in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related disorders.
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Reducing GI or GL in the context of diets low in saturated fat can improve CHD risk factors including BMI, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.
“Over the last 3 decades, clinical trials have demonstrated that reducing the GI or glycemic load (GL), the product of GI and the available carbohydrate content of a food,13 in the context of diets low in saturated fat, can improve CHD risk factors including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.14–24”
From Associations of Glycemic Index and Load With Coronary Heart Disease Events: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Cohorts (2012) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Rizkalla, S. W., Taghrid, L., Laromiguiere, M., Huet, D., Boillot, J., Rigoir, A., Elgrably, F., & Slama, G.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Hôtel-Dieu de Paris (FR)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetes, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
- ORCID
- Rizkalla, Salwa W.
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2004-08-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1866-1872
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2059885017
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 9.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- low glycemic index diet, high glycemic index diet, type 2 diabetes, glycemic control, postprandial blood glucose, insulin resistance, lipid profile, LDL cholesterol, free fatty acids, apolipoprotein B, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, fibrinolysis, dietary carbohydrates
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fibrinolysis, Glucose, Humans, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Glycemic Index
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